Poverty in India BY AAN patel Essay Example

Poverty in India BY AAN patel Essay Example Poverty in India BY AAN patel Essay Poverty in India BY AAN patel Essay What is POVERTYPoverty is the state of being extremely poor. If we say someone is experiencing poverty, then we mean that the person is living on a bare subsistence level.Poverty in IndiaIndia  suffers from a lot of  poverty, which means that many people do not have enough  money. 27.5% of the population was living below the  poverty line  in 2004–2005.  Monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below Rs. 356.35 for rural areas and Rs. 538.60 for urban areas. 1 out of every 4 Indians earns less than $0.40 per day. 75% of the poor are in rural areas. Most of them are daily wagers and landless labourers.A study was done by the McKinsey Global Institute. This study found 54% of the people living in India were living on a household income of less than 90,000  rupees  a year. That means about a dollar per person per day.National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) published a report in 2007. This report states that 77% of Indians (that m eans 836 million people), lived on less than 20 rupees per day (USD  0.50 nominal,  USD  2.0 in PPP). Most of them have no job or social security. They live in abject poverty.One of the problems with estimating poverty in India is a lack of consistent and reliable numbers. McKinsey study quoted above (46% at $1 a day or above for a household size of 5) is off by a factor compared to 77% under $0.5 a day by NCEUS. To add insult to injury here are some industry numbers that do not fit well with 77% under $0.5 a day.The number of cell phones in India was 250 Million  in Jan 2008; about 400 million in mid 2009 and slated to easily cross 500 Million  [5]in 2010 with a current growth rate of over 10 million new cell phones a month. A growth that is clearly not abating. At $20–$200 per cell phone and $0.02-$0.04 a minute rate, it is a luxury that folks earning $1 a day cannot afford after paying for food, housing, and clothes.2001 numbers for basic amenities from census bu reau[6]  for percentage household

My Wife and Kids Essay Example

My Wife and Kids Essay Example My Wife and Kids Paper My Wife and Kids Paper Essay Topic: Kids I am reviewing an American TV programme by the name of My Wife and Kids. It is about a family living everyday life in which a father gets thrown into the deep end when his wife goes back to work, leaving him to play house-husband with the three kids.  It is an exciting, bubbly TV programme which fits under the comedy genre. The directors main purpose is to provide entertainment for the viewers. My Wife and Kids is filmed in Stamford, Connecticut. The main setting is the family house, the living room, kitchen, garage or one of the four bedrooms. The programme is directed and produced by the Wayans family. This is a big family made up of brothers and sisters associated with TV production. The cast includes Damon Wayans who plays the man of the house, Michael Kyle, the working wife, Janet Jay Kyle, played by Tisha Campbell-Martin. Along with three children, with the oldest being Michael Kyle Jr. played by George O Gore II, Jennifer freeman, who plays the typical teenage girl, Claire Kyle, and lastly, cute young Kady Kyle, played by Parker McKenna Posey. Other characters also include Juniors girlfriend Vanessa Scott played by Brooklyn Sudano. Claires religious but weird boyfriend Tony, played by Andrew McFarlene and lastly young genius Franklin Aloysius Mumford, played by Noah Gray Cabey who has the biggest crush on Kady Kyle. My Wife and Kids intended audience is anyone and everyone. From the age of a young child to an adult. Due to the fact that the programme is based on family life, everyone is able to relate to the storylines.  Many family and friends enjoy the show and find it amusing and witty. Along with TV critics who say My Wife and Kids is a popular US TV show and Funny! The new Cosby show but BETTER! This television programme conveys its main point through the characters actions and their conversations. Everything they do is comical and never dull or dreary. Every episode, the audience react with laughter. I feel that My Wife and Kids fulfils its purpose very well. Its purpose is to entertain and it does just that.  Reason being, the viewers find it highly enjoyable to watch.  For me, I really enjoy watching this programme. I find it really hysterical. The characters do and say sarcastic, idiotic things which make them really, really hilarious. I am also able to relate to most characters and able to understand them. I really agree with the main purpose because it provides me with a lot of entertainment. There is never an episode which I dislike; I actually seem to enjoy every episode that is programmed. I dont seem to have a favourite character, I love watching all of them as they are all amusing in different ways.  Im quite fond of Claire and Junior Kyle. Claire is portrayed to be very witty and dopey; shes always dropping which is quite comical. As for Junior, he is always being humiliated due to his huge head. He is portrayed to be dumb and comments are always being made towards him, making him fell worthless.  This programme can not really be improved, theres nothing to actually improve. However, more characters and more storylines could be introduced.

Financial Controls of Logistics Performance Assignment

Financial Controls of Logistics Performance - Assignment Example 8. Why is it difficult to obtain logistics cost data in many firms? Logistics costs are essential factors that influence the market competitiveness of firms and countries. Reducing logistic costs is bound to reduce the total costs of both goods and services. However, the attainment of logistics cost data is relatively difficult for most companies. This is primarily as a consequence of the lack of sufficient logistics cost information as a result of poor logistics management activities. Firstly, there is no unified definition of logistics cost (Bokor, 2012). The lack of uniformity with regards to defining logistics costs, as well as methods used in the calculation of logistics cost affects the acquisition of logistics data. Since the definition of logistics cost is incoherent, it is, therefore, tricky to compare the findings of logistics costs. In addition, it is difficult to acquire logistics data because the cost component is mostly not standardized. The limited standardization of c ost measurement deters the standardized acceptability of logistics data. In addition, difficulties emerge due to the hardships encountered in the collection of transparent information. On a micro level, a vast majority of firms publish cost data to serve their accounting needs, as well as external requirements such as government taxation (Pohlen, Klammer & Cokins, 2009). These produce an inhibitor to cost transparency throughout the data collection process. The accounting needs of firms often inhibit cost transparency, resulting in deficient information, disparities in the allocation of costs such as overhead costs and a narrow outlook of the concept of cost management. 9. Explain the four methods that can be used for controlling logistics activities. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? 1. Standard Cost Standards are utilized as an integral part of flexible budgeting processes. One of the greatest advantages of standard cost is the provision of the most effective mana gement controls. Standard costs are typically ascertained from industrial engineering studies in which logisticians assess work activities and operations in order to realize effective and practical operating rates for different tasks. Another major advantage of standard costs is that they can be created for diverse logistics functions, including warehousing and transportation, as well as other logistical components and levels such as individual work activities and logistics sub-functions (Voortman, 2004). However, standard costs have the disadvantage of inapplicability in case of increased costs of doing business, for instance, increased transportation. 2. Budgets Budgets are quite effective in terms of monitoring, as well as controlling costs. In some instances, the utilization of standards is not needed. This is particularly the case for tasks, which are repeated infrequently. Another advantage is that budgets control business processes and costs in a highly effective manner. Nota bly, the effectiveness of a budget is based on the anticipation of cost patterns. Budgets are also advantageous since they are adjustable to reflect shifts in operating conditions, consequently, companies utilize budgets to control costs in most areas (Bokor, 2012). However, budgets can also deter effective implementation of innovative business ideas that entail more costs than those placed in the budget. 3. Productivity Standards Productivity standards are highly applicable when standard costs are unavailable

President Barak Obama and the Health Care Bill Essay

President Barak Obama and the Health Care Bill - Essay Example When it comes to employers, the healthcare bill would excuse some employers. The bill would form independent departments through which start-up businesses can get insurance. However, there have been a lot of current reports criticizing the healthcare recommendation of President Obama. Both the Democrats and Republicans are fearful that it will negatively affect the future generation. The lower- and middle-class feared that being obliged to purchase a healthcare plan will give much pressure on their limited resources, since they will not be qualified to the ‘low income pass’ (Planinz 2009, para 2) of President Obama. Also, conservative health supporters are discouraged that the plan of the president does not involve insurance for a lot of kinds of similar medicine (ibid, para 2). Backers of the healthcare bill of the president say that millions of Americans with no health insurance are now being a burden to the economy of the government (Haddy 2010). As said by National C oalition on Health Care, â€Å"The United States spends nearly $100 billion per year to provide uninsured residents with health services, often for preventable diseases or diseases that physicians could treat more efficiently with earlier diagnosis† (Planinz 2009, para 6). The plan of the president only includes the uninsured. ... Most known is an urgent need for policy. Anyway, going back to the employer-based healthcare insurance, there are lots of findings showing that the purpose of generating profit has a part in creating healthcare expenses (Morman 2010). Insurance companies looking for revenues will try to cover individuals who are not sickly. Employers and doctors will, with no payment rules, try to give the highest amount of service they can give for the maximum price (Kinney 2010). There are lots of facts saying that all individuals involved in healthcare will and do act in response to payer regulations intended to lessen costs. Individual suppliers and providers will act towards appeals to create profits without interests to public policy (Haddy 2010). Regulations are developed to lessen price and use. The fact that is not sufficiently reported is how patients are influenced by the minimization in imaging services (Morman 2010). Questionably doctors had less evidence on which to make health-related choices. The major concern is whether they had adequate evidence. There are lots of facts showing the problematic business techniques of all persons involved in healthcare and that these techniques do a lot to ruin an active market for the goods and services of the healthcare sector. Under no situations should the sector of the economy so greatly supported by the taxes paid by the public be permitted to turn into a ‘cash cow’ (Kinney 2010, 407) for businesspeople who are not capable of giving first-rate goods and services at a cheap price in a highly competitive market. But, all the parties concerned appear to be facing lots of difficulties when it comes to agreeing on what actually should be done. Internet

African American Experience Essay Example for Free

African American Experience Essay African Americans lived differently than white men did during the turn of the century. They faced many problems within the society. Some of the issues they faced were out of their hands. Although things were not the greatest all the time, there were supporters and organizations that they could turn to. Along with these organizations they had leaders that tried to help the race. Many African Americans became successful in the late 1920’s, and still to this day there are many African Americans that are successful. During the time period around the late 1870’s through the 1920’s many African Americans did not have good jobs. The majority of African Americans lived in the southern states. Many were sharecroppers who worked the land and gave the land owners part of the profit from the crops. African Americans were cheated out of money through this process most of the time. The African Americans did receive the right to vote before white women. African Americans faced many issues throughout these years. A series of laws were passed in the South to keep the African Americans at the lowest point possible in society. These laws were known as the Jim Crow Laws. Shortly after these laws were established segregation became legalized, and black codes that were abolished during the Reconstruction resurfaced and were supported in Plessy vs. Ferguson. This lead to African Americans being looked down on and equality far from reach. African Americans were not allowed to go to the same schools or drink out of the same water fountains as whites; they were even told where they could and could not live. This put a strain on the race and the way they had to live. Many African Americans were also stripped of their voting rights. In 1890 a poll tax was enforced. This meant that poor people, of both races, were not able to vote simply because they could not afford to. They also instituted a literacy test where you had to show that you were able to read and write. Many times African American college graduates failed the test, yet illiterate whites were some how able to pass. The responses to these issues were not good. They did not understand why they should be treated any differently from the whites. This led to riots and outburst throughout the country. After this, African Americans became the center of violent and cruel attacks. Lynchings were on an all time high in the late 1800s with more than a hundred African Americans being lynched per year. Law enforcement usually did nothing to stop these terrible acts and sometimes even participated. African Americans fled to the North during this time in search of better jobs and home lives for their families. Many organizations were formed during this time in hopes of ceasing the violence and bringing America to equality. Two of the largest influences were Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois. Both of these men had separate approaches with the end result being the same. Washington thought that equality would be achieved, but it would be a very slow and ongoing process. He wanted to concentrate on getting African Americans better paying jobs and a greater education. Du Bois believed that you should demand equality and stop at nothing to get it. He wanted better education, equal rights, and suffrage. Another well known advocate for African Americans was Ida B. Wells. She founded the anti-lynching movement that came into existence in the 1880s. This group set out to stop the violent acts aimed at African Americans. Wells’ goal was to make lynching a federal crime and keep the local law agencies from allowing and participating in hate crimes. White women from the North and some others supported this movement, but it wasn’t until the 1930’s that lynching became a federal crime. For a time, Wells published a newspaper, Free Speech. An angry mob of people burned down her office in Memphis, Tennessee and forced her to leave town. In 1891, Wells supported the strike of black cotton pickers. She was dismayed when fifteen of the cotton pickers were lynched. The whites sent a strong message that they were not going to conform to her desires and accept the equality of the African Americans for some time. With the end of the Civil War, the African Americans received freedom from slavery and gains some rights but lost many of those same rights a mere twenty years later . They had sacrificed much and did not give them up easily. Even though they were often defeated in court and often threatened with violence, a visionary group of leaders laid the foundation for the future successes of the civil rights movement. They founded important educational institutions and organizations to fight for civil rights and cultivated both a new generation of leaders and a growing number of writers, artists, and professionals who embodied Du Boiss idea of a talented tenth and who became increasingly active and effective in the 1920s. Almost a century later, African Americans are better accepted in society than ever before. There is less of a double standard and more equality thanks to the brave men and women who came before and strove to encourage, nurture, and raise their children to grow up in a more civil environment.

The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SAS Essay

The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SAS Definition of communication Communication is the exchange of messages between peoples for the purpose of achieving common meaning. Or it can define as the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people. A fundamental of principles communication is that the symbols the sender uses to communicate messages must have essentially the same meaning in both the sender’s and receiver’s minds. Purpose of communication People communicate with each other in order to get the messages they need, and utilize them for the further use, but what’s business communication different from general communication. It’s not just getting message for uses, but data involving in operating the tasks as well. The purpose of communication can be divided into specific purpose as follow: - To convey information: - To explain the nature and implications for the business: - To establish rules for dealing with different situations: - To stimulate action: - To create relationships between the members of the organization: - To form collective decisions and render them generally acceptable: - To instruct: instruction manual for operating a computer: - To evaluate: performance appraisal records: - To meet human and cultural needs: Communication breakdown You can never assume that the message in your mind will be perfectly transmitted to your receiver. We need to identify different patterns of communications and we need to draw conclusions about the most and the least effective patterns of communication, and report their evaluation to avoid misunderstanding. Communication breakdown happens when the recipient don’t receive the meaning of the message or interpret the message as the different meaning from what sender tries to encode. Communication breakdown can be seen from absences of decoding from the recipient. Factors of communication breakdown: - Physical distraction : it happens when something bother the communication and lead recipient or sender from transferring the information. Example: when someone is talking to you and suddenly your cell phone ring. - Different channel/medium: Sender should choose the appropriate channel/ medium to assure that the information could be reach by the recipient. This involves adjusting the channel/ medium with ... ...!† thus Carlzon reinforces both verbally and nonverbal that he really means what it says in the red book. Furthermore, top management is willing to support the front line. To celebrate the initial turnaround, Carlzon sent every one of the 20,000 employees a gold wristwatch. Since then, major efforts to communicate with employees have helped SAS earn an international reputation for good service. As the success of SAS, I’ve suggested that good communication and associated interpersonal processes in organizations are important ingredients of organizational effectiveness. Although effective communication is critical to all management functions, it is particularly vital to the leading function because it provides a necessary conduit for efforts to interact with and influence others. Carlzon uses communication and interpersonal processes well to nurture SAS unique culture. Thus, effective communication between individuals or within a group is the element that can lead the company go through the crisis and to the brightness. It is also the basis for the company to implement the compatible and harmony environment and enhance its productive force among the industries.

Participant Observation in Sociology Essay

In Research All sociological research methods involve observation, however, participant observations is defined by when the researcher themselves participates in the activities of those he or she is observing and studying. Hughes (1976), describes participant observation as, ‘ When the researcher becomes part of a daily round, learning languages and meanings, rules of impersonal, relations†¦ and in short, living the life of the people under study. 1 Participant observations come in two forms, overt participant observations, in which, the researcher informs the groups members about the purpose of the research and othe details, and there is covert participant observations, in which, the researcher joins the group without informing the members, the research is carried out secretly and the members of the group are unaware they are being studied. This in itself can raise many issues.  When carrying out participant observations, whether covert or overt, there are many problems that can occur, including time, cost, bias, replication, generalisation, validity, reliability and ethical issues. An important aspect when carrying out participant observations is that the researcher must observe people in their natural settings, the researcher must not disturb that setting. In Parker’s study (View from the Boys 1974)2, of Liverpool adolescents, the researcher persuaded the boys to no commit a crime at the time, but did not stop them committing the crime ideally. This brings about many issues. For example, in participant observations, the researcher, as stated, should just observe. Parker broke this rule by convincing the boys not to steal at that moment. His intervention changed the behaviour of the boys, therefore any results can be said to be inaccurate as the group was not behaving as it would have if Parker was not present. Additionally, it raises ethical issues. He knew the boys would commit the crime later on, but because of his research, he couldn’t call the police or punish them, therefore to what extent did the means of the study justify the means. Another disadvantage of using participant observations is the time, money and personal cost it entails. Participant observations can be done over a number of months, during which the researcher is usually cut off from the support of their family and friends, giving them personal stress.

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Mentors comes off as unreasonable and a brutal killer. He starts off by presenting himself as kind of knowing his motivations and his strive for good will. Since he mentions positive characteristics, Fortunate indicates the care for his death. Fortunate could have done something so awful that it merits the action that Mentors takes. 2. As the story goes on, the setting changes profusely. The setting changes along with the action. In the beginning, the story has a lot of Irony and light. The action sakes place In the middle of a carnival.Carnivals usually have a happy and fun setting. Later, we start seeing how dark and evil Mentor's plans are which Is dark and literal. When the story changes to underground Into the catacombs and the pile of bones resembles the action and give strength on the object of Mentor's evil. 3. Mentors is the protagonist because he is the narrator and main character. He is evil minded and murdered Fortunate. The protagonist usually is the main character and t he hero, but Mentors is the main character and is not a hero. Fortunate is the antagonist because he amplifies the mystery and suspense. . The similarities of the two stories could be a mental disorder drawing them to the necessity for evil. â€Å"The Black cat† 1 . The narrator feels condemned and guilty, though he is not guilty for killing his wife and Pluto. This says that he is a cold hearted man. He is evil and had a desire to kill. The narrator feels guilty about hurting his cat, Pluto, and cutting its eye out but he does not feel bad about abusing all of his other animals and his wife. This tells us he gives more personality to his cat than to his own wife and cares more about the one cat. 2.In the beginning of his marriage, he and his wife got along very well and he loved animals. But then, the man started drinking and his personality changed for the worse. HIS personality changed as a result of â€Å"the Fiend Intemperance. † HIS was heavily drinking. As days went by, the drinking got heavier and heavier and he became meaner. He then threatened to physically abuse his wife. When the their loyalty to him. In the end of the story, he had killed all of his animals including his favorite cat, Pluto. 3. Yes, this fear is Justified because he sees a white mark on the body of the cat that resembles the gallows, where hangings occur.This reminds him of his hanging of his favorite cat, Pluto. When the cat came around that looked Just like Pluto. He did not want to hurt another animal so he tried to stay away. He tried to axe the cat because he was so irritated. When the cat finally left, he felt better and free. It is Justified because he resisted killing it. 4. I do see similarities in this story. The similarities that came to mind was the temptation to have what their mind was set on causing them to do evil. The narrator must have a mental disorder as well because he drank away his problems and had a desire to kill without guilt.

Free Essays on Management Skills For The Non-Profit

Management Skills For the Nonprofit The deeper my dealings with the nonprofit sector become, the more completely I have come to understand, and appreciate the need for leaders in this field to possess outstanding business management skills. In addition to management skills, not-for-profit leadership must also become adept at understanding financial reports, developing and administering a budget, and it is greatly desirable to have a strong understanding of computers and the ways in which they can be used to increase productivity while reducing costs. Many nonprofit directors and board members have a background that is firmly rooted in the humanities and therefore it is to be expected that their education would have focused primarily on human service issues rather than business classes. This however leaves a gap in the knowledge base of the primary leaders in many nonprofits. This is particularly true in the case of the nonprofit that I am affiliated with. In The Non-Profit Management Handbook: Operating Policies a nd Procedures, Connors (1992) points out that leaders in the nonprofit sector are just as much in need of â€Å"the 4Ms† as those managers and directors who work in the world of for profit business. The M’s of which Ms. Connors speaks are â€Å"Mission†, â€Å"Marketing†, â€Å"Money†, and â€Å"Management† principles based on the premise that a well-educated nonprofit leader will have had a fusion of both human service and business education in their background. It is a decided advantage for the not-for-profit leaders of today to be thoroughly versed in computer usage as well as having a good exposure to business principles. The primary reason behind the existence of every for profit business is to earn a profit which will then be distributed to shareholders, owners, and/or employees to their benefit. Some profit will of course be reinvested into the company in most cases, but the primary goal is to make money for ... Free Essays on Management Skills For The Non-Profit Free Essays on Management Skills For The Non-Profit Management Skills For the Nonprofit The deeper my dealings with the nonprofit sector become, the more completely I have come to understand, and appreciate the need for leaders in this field to possess outstanding business management skills. In addition to management skills, not-for-profit leadership must also become adept at understanding financial reports, developing and administering a budget, and it is greatly desirable to have a strong understanding of computers and the ways in which they can be used to increase productivity while reducing costs. Many nonprofit directors and board members have a background that is firmly rooted in the humanities and therefore it is to be expected that their education would have focused primarily on human service issues rather than business classes. This however leaves a gap in the knowledge base of the primary leaders in many nonprofits. This is particularly true in the case of the nonprofit that I am affiliated with. In The Non-Profit Management Handbook: Operating Policies a nd Procedures, Connors (1992) points out that leaders in the nonprofit sector are just as much in need of â€Å"the 4Ms† as those managers and directors who work in the world of for profit business. The M’s of which Ms. Connors speaks are â€Å"Mission†, â€Å"Marketing†, â€Å"Money†, and â€Å"Management† principles based on the premise that a well-educated nonprofit leader will have had a fusion of both human service and business education in their background. It is a decided advantage for the not-for-profit leaders of today to be thoroughly versed in computer usage as well as having a good exposure to business principles. The primary reason behind the existence of every for profit business is to earn a profit which will then be distributed to shareholders, owners, and/or employees to their benefit. Some profit will of course be reinvested into the company in most cases, but the primary goal is to make money for ...

Fitting Quotations

Fitting Quotations Fitting Quotations Fitting Quotations By Maeve Maddox Incorporating direct quotations effectively is an important writing skill. Here is an example of an ill-fitting quotation in an article about media doctor Mehmet Oz who was recently the subject of a Senate hearing. It’s from an article by Terrence McCoy in The Washington Post (print and digital): â€Å"I recognize that oftentimes they don’t have the scientific muster to present as fact,† Oz said at a U.S. Senate hearing, adding that he â€Å"personally believes in the items I talk about in my show.† One obvious problem with this example is the use of pronouns that don’t go together. Not so obvious is the fact that the quotation differs from what Oz actually said. Quotation marks represent a covenant between writer and reader, a promise that the words enclosed by them are exactly what the person being quoted said. Here’s the original response to Senator McCaskill’s question: I actually do personally believe in the items I talk about in the show. In quoting Oz’s original statement, the writer has fallen into a crack between direct and indirect quotation. The word he is outside the quoted material, but the writer (or editor) has added an -s to believe to make it agree with he. Without noticing that the pronoun I does not fit with the preceding he, the writer adds a my that was not in the original quotation. The writer could have reported the words as an indirect quotation, putting only part of it in quotation marks: he â€Å"personally believes† in the products he talks about in his show. Or, he could have introduced the quotation with a colon: â€Å"I recognize that oftentimes they don’t have the scientific muster to present as fact,† Oz said at a U.S. Senate hearing, adding: â€Å"I actually do personally believe in the items I talk about in the show.† A quotation should not be dropped into an essay or a news article without adequate introduction. It should agree grammatically with surrounding text, reproduce the exact words that were said, and it should not stand alone. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesStory Writing 101Grammatical Case in English

Professional Code Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional Code Analysis - Coursework Example The codes are different in that they cover different aspects of safety of the human subjects. Autonomy deals with ensuring that all human subjects are given the information that they need to decide whether or not to participate in the research. Beneficence obligates the researcher to ensure the well-being of all human subjects and protect them from any harm. Justice considers the risks and benefits of participating in the research program. These codes incorporate ethical theories into their text. Autonomy incorporates the moral requirement to acknowledge autonomy and protect those with diminished autonomy. Beneficence incorporates the basic rule of do not harm and maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms to human subjects in the research. Justice incorporates the ethical responsibility to ensure that all participates are treated fairly. The most important theories that are used most often and deemed most important are the ones dealing with a person’s right to inf ormation and justice. Therefore these ethical codes of the Belmont Report protect human subjects and their right to information and justice. Works Cited Purdue University. Committee on the Use of Human Research Subjects. Purdue University. July 14, 2011 .

The New Economics of the Music Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The New Economics of the Music Industry - Essay Example The technological boom has ushered countless innovations in almost all the sectors in the global economy. These advances have facilitated the spillover of positive and negative externalities in various industries facilitating the emergence of new trends that disrupt and refine the current economic equilibrium. Along with other sectors, the global music industry had been significantly altered by this technological boom notably, the internet and associated technologies. These innovations have revolutionized the market structure and value chain of the music industry through the alteration of the intermediation processes. These new technologies allowed the faster mobility of goods from the artist to the costumers as other processes in the value chain are eradicated. Aside from these obvious developments, technological changes have many other considerable implications for the music industry. ... Having a strong foothold on the entire music industry, these companies command high level of bargaining power among other important players as they have are involved in all the processes in the value chain. Figure 1. Market Share of the Big Five (2001) Source: Hannaford, 2005 However, the dominance of these companies is largely felt in America and Europe while the Asia Pacific market is mainly controlled by independents [3]. In this region independent record labels hold almost 40% of the entire market share. In this case, we can see a duopolistic competition where the Big Five abound together with a local competitive fringe. III. Traditional Market Structure Record label plays various roles in the operation of the music industry. It can be noted that these companies are almost always present in the entire traditional value chain. The value chain of the music industry begins with the acquisition of content which typically involves the contract signing between artists and the company to formalize the production of an album. The record label will then start the production of the album by allocating fund in order to cover the costs of providing a producer and engineers or subcontracting with an artist's own team. After the record is produced, discs are manufactured which is typically simultaneous with the launching of aggressive marketing efforts to promote the album [4]. Distribution of the album is usually done by the marketing arm of the record label. Artists heavily rely in the name and reputation of the label for their releases to succeed. The strong marketing muscle of the company has a large influence for different media in the promotion of an artist's music. Record label and music