Why do people committ crime

The three arrangements I accept then can be set into are organic, mental and sociological. I for one think individuals carry out violations for an assortment of reasons: peer pressure, opportunity, ravenousness, poor good Judgment and character; They neglect to see the advantages of holding fast to the law customary social qualities; The sentiment that everybody perpetrates some sort of wrongdoing; The more that society see a specific criminal conduct as sensible or adequate, the more uncertain that It will be viewed as insidious two prime models are the legitimization of maryjane. r preclusion. Is it organic, genetic is it in our qualities? Is it mental or because of characteristics as a part of our character? Is it because of requesting †do we learn it, from others? Is it disclosed by our bonds to society? Is it as a result of where you were raised; or is it as a result of awkward nature In our general public? Does an absence of strict ethics have anything to do with It? I hav e consistently been entranced with why individuals carry out wrongdoing in our general public we can answer who, what, when and where yet the last inquiry why as a rule goes unanswered and drives us mad!The first class Is natural I know most-outlandish speculations have blurred as society turns out to be increasingly edified. I am stating cerebrum harm, awful hereditary qualities, less than stellar eating routine, and sexual orientation. Guys are the prevail class of criminal guilty parties because of forceful conduct that is supported in our general public. While I trust a few violations are brought about by organic irregular characteristics, I accept there must be a tipping point from society. The open door the casualty the time and place and an unevenness in the chances which favor achievement. Like most analysts, I discover the investigation of brain research of criminal conduct entrancing and the most-hazardous sort of rimming.This drives us to the second piece of my hypothesis . The second classification I will advance Is mental. I think this class or motivation to carry out a wrongdoing Is the most exceedingly terrible and generally perilous. I place mental case and sociopaths in this classification. I put individuals who are Impulsive appreciate the intensity of controlling others these crooks get a surge of adrenaline high. Sequential executioners and attacker fall Into this classification. The greater part of these individuals are introverts whether it is because of the nature or support. I become lawbreakers. The keep going classification on the rundown is sociological.I think where you develop p and your financial status, peer weight and training have a lot of effect in whether an individual will turn into a lawbreaker. Group fall into this classification, negligible wrongdoing I for one think our jail framework exacerbates this since everything it improves hoodlums. I think most hoodlums start in this class. This leads me to my hypothesis. My hypot hesis after a lifetime in criminal Justice and my training in school is exceptionally straightforward old Caesar Baccarat had it perfect individuals gauge the great against the terrible, at the end of the day, is a wrongdoing worth the time. Everything comes down to individual decision.

Essay --

How frequently have you seen a business on TV, or perused a magazine with a promotion for a teeth-brightening item that guarantees more white teeth with toothpaste that shows an individual with more splendid, white teeth as progressively sure and appealing with more white teeth? I’ve seen them on many occasions and I’m mindful they’re connecting or publicizing to their crowd with less engaging teeth which whom might want to have their teeth more white to pick up appeal and in particular needing you to see that you also can accomplish these pleasant more white teeth alongside an astonishing grin simply like the entertainer in the business. At the point when an item is pitched to me I accept it’s something bravo since, it grabbed my eye in any case in light of the fact that, typically I see advertisements that won’t offer to me since there about getting life coverage, purchasing furniture for your home, healthy skin in the event that you have dull spo ts or wrinkles, prescription policy’s for Medicaid if your more seasoned than 65, which none concern me since I’m a 18 years of age and not considering a disaster protection arrangement yet, I don’t have my own home at that point so I wouldn’t be purchasing furniture at the present time, and I don’t have skin issues yet either in any case, rather any of these will speak to some else who needs them. So it’s actually about the crowd its connecting with since, I realize what items are being pitched to me and which are definitely not. It’s a distinction when I purchase the item or need it, to when I simply watch a business and change the channel while realizing that a similar item that I simply changed the channel to probably won't advance me yet will to another person who is a contender for the item and will tune in to the promoting and watch through everything. Promoting is known to be the matter of I... ...e it’s for the most part the factor of impact on the grounds that subliminally the buyer is pushed into a specific class naturally for example, if an individual purchased a restricted version â€Å"loui Viton† tote which as a rule run in the thousands and up while referred to very well as a top end brand of tote, it would be recommended they like the â€Å"exclusivity† it radiates in light of the fact that, of the sort the brand they picked and they presumably prefer to be elite in different manners also or not. As I would like to think characterize is a degree, I think the degree is just when they apply it to themselves at the time since, one day I can be wearing or utilizing something top of the line lavish and I may be looking cool, tasteful or excusive and the following I could be utilizing or wearing a similar kind of item and distinctive brand with less guarantees as the top of the line mark and be considered â€Å"uncool† or â€Å"affordableâ₠¬  by certain individuals.

Advocacy and representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Support and portrayal - Essay Example This exploration depends on the original copy accessible to chose people (e.g., social work doctoral program executives, individuals from different social work Internet Listservs, and so forth.), and at the appointed time it showed up in the meeting proceedingsThis backing and portrayal against abusive behavior at home introduced it at two global and one national level and, in light of these circulation endeavors and input, modified it. It was truly looked into and turned down.It reacted to the commentators' protracted proposals and presented an alteration which was at last settled for distribution. Most likely it dependent on the advancement of social work practice guidelines.Social work training and practice should concentrate on the last mentioned. This may, or may not, include hypothetically determined research. On the off chance that hypothesis is genuinely included, it is extraordinary. On the off chance that it isn't, at that point doctoral understudies and different specialis ts ought not be constrained into imagining that it does. The two methodologies are normal for science. Both have esteem. At present, hypothesis driven research practices are substantially more exceptionally esteemed inside scholarly social work than are hypothetical examinations assessing results .A continuum of conduct going from obnoxious attack, physical, and rape, to assault and even homicide.The lion's share of such viciousness, and the most extreme and ceaseless episodes, are executed by men against ladies and their kids. (Department of Health, 2000a: v) As the term 'abusive behavior at home' contain viciousness and maltreatment inside same-sex connections, brutality by ladies against men and savagery and misuse do by one relative against another, the spotlight of this exploration is on savagery and maltreatment by men, against ladies. It tries to find the assorted variety of components that all things considered form an ever-expanding and serious human services require for those being mishandled inside their close connections. Private brutality may take numerous structures, frequently joining physical, passionate, mental, sexual and money related maltreatment. The level of misuse and viciousness changes inside every organization, frequently happening on a continuum of seriousness and impact. For some the maltreatment and savagery are occasional with negligible long haul impacts. In any case, incalculable ladies are so controlled and hindered that they can't settle on even the least difficult choice or act without consent, reacting with complete submission to each request given and each standard forced. The brutality gets slippery, saturating each activity, each idea and deed until in the end, for certain ladies, self destruction remains the main getaway. Other ladies express their self-nauseate and weakness through liquor or medication misuse, or self-mutilation, showing indications of extreme discouragement and complete reliance on the abuser. Private accomplices may request and accomplish, through physic al and passionate brutality, complete compliance to each request, utilizing mortification as a significant methodology in submission preparing in their ladies (Barker, R. L. 1995). In the event that we break down, at that point we come to realize that the aggressive behavior at home energizes loads of the country's sharply challenged avenue care cases. It is a fundamental issue in the greater part parental kidnapping cases, which occur at an expected pace of 203,900 every year. Disregarding the job of local maltreatment in avenue care cases, previously, lawmakers embrace jurisdictional laws to stop discussion shopping and parental snatching

Hemp Miracle Plant Essay Example For Students

Hemp Miracle Plant Essay Is there a solitary plant that might spare the world? On account of its force and flexibility, it was among the principal plants to be developed by people and has been utilized and developed by numerous societies for a large number of years. However, today individuals are fined, even imprisoned for developing this plant since it is unlawful. Officials neglect to see that this sole plant likely has a bigger number of employments than some other material on earth.The whole plant can be used for more than 25,000 applications. To start, the seed is natures flawless food. It very well may be ground into a supper or can be grown and utilized like different beans and seeds. Notwithstanding the oil from the seeds have the most elevated level of fundamental unsaturated fats and the least level of soaked fats. It is additionally a total wellspring of protein and can be filled in as a feast in itself. Second, side-effects from the plant are an incredible source building material. It has multiple times the cell fiber than trees, making it ideal for squeezed load up, molecule load up and solid system. It is longer enduring and more adaptable than presently utilized materials. In correlation, trees take 20 years to develop while this plant just takes 4 months. Correspondingly, 1 section of land of this plant delivers as much as 4 sections of land of trees. Third, paper that is produced using this plant is more grounded, more water-safe than wood mash, is less inclined to tear and is multiple times more recyclable than wood. It additionally utilizes a small amount of the perilous synthetic substances utilized in handling wood mash. Fiber is a fourth use. A fabric produced using this plant is milder and hotter than cotton and is multiple times as solid. Notwithstanding, the material is substantially more impervious to enduring and wear. Proceeding onward to the fifth use, restoratively, a subordinate of this plant has as of late been demonstrated to ease queasiness in AIDS and malignant growth treatment. It has been utilized with achievement in treating glaucoma, asthma, epilepsy, state of mind issue, and joint pain. It builds hunger, advances rest and unwinding, and calms pressure and headaches. Above all, petroleum derivatives could remain in the ground. The plant delivers unquestionably more and more secure substance mixes appropriate for change to methane than some other plant. This inexhaustible fuel contains no sulfur and keeping in mind that developing helps expel carbon dioxide from the environment by means of photosynthesis. For a huge number of years, every great paint and varnishes were produced using an oil from the plant. Today, it has nearly been completely supplanted by synthetically inferred oils. All things being equal, it is assessed that if only 6 percent of all our arable land were seeded with this plant, it could flexibly us with all our fuel, gas and oil needs. I think that its entertaining that administration authorities dont understand the effect that this single plant could have on the world. Rather than punishing individuals for developing it, governments ought to be urging ranchers to develop it. What is this plant you may inquire? This plant has made so much discussion and which I feel could spare the world is hemp. Whatever you choose to call it, I feel that it is the natures most significant plant that ought to be utilized to its fullest potential.

Book Review Essential Words for the TOEFL (Barrons)

Book Review Essential Words for the TOEFL (Barrons) My grade for Essential Words for the TOEFL: B+. Note, however, that I have the 4th edition, from 2007. This book has now reached its 7th edition. I have no idea what has changed. Barrons doesnt usually change much from edition to edition, so I suspect the new edition is pretty similar.Im going to keep this review quite short, since you can read my feelings about vocabulary books over in my review of TOEFL Power Vocab from Princeton Review. Basically, though, I dont want students to focus too much on vocabulary in the speaking and writing sections, but I recognize that studying vocabulary can help them in the listening and reading sections. Especially the latter section.Barrons vocabulary book is similar to Princeton Reviews book. It is mostly just lists of words and definitions. In this case they are divided into 30 lessons of about 15 words each. The words selected for each lesson dont seem to be based on similar themes or structures.While Princeton Reviews book includes a short qui z every few pages, Barrons includes ten actual TOEFL reading question (vocabulary type, of course) at the end of each lesson. I cant really say if the questions are accurate, but I dont think that is the point. They mainly serve to help students understand the meaning and usage of each word. And, yeah, I guess they help students understand what a vocabulary question looks like and how it is put together.The words here seem a bit more difficult that in Princeton Reviews book thankfully. Some of them are still too easy, though.Heres page 69: forbid, petition, relinquish, resilient, tempt.Heres page 229: maintain, mediocre, negligible, parallel, peculiar, potentHeres page 277: forfeit, precarious, severe, sporadic, superior, wantonI guess teachers should glance at the book to see if the overall level is suitable for their students. I would probably recommend it for students scoring 90 and below.

Cyberbullying in School - Free Essay Example

When I first started high school, I witnessed a cyberbullying incident that put one of my classmates behind bars before their life even started. The student had created a fake Snapchat page that was used to expose the nudity of other students around the school. I assume the kids who had been posted felt embarrassment and also a bit of intimidation at the school after that. The person who started the page was arrested and charged with child pornography and most likely harassment. Just recently has cyber bullying became an underrated topic around the world. It has caused many teens and young adults’ real pain to lose their lives, friendships, and relationships. In extreme cases, some individuals have even been sent to jail for the actions and words they have used to harm others. The smallest things such as gossiping, spreading embarrassing pictures, cyber threats, and Catfishing/ impersonation are all called cyber bullying and can be avoided when there are consequences behind each of them. Gossiping and the spreading of embarrassing pictures through social media websites, such as Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, email, and text messages has been the main source of cyber bullying. Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram and Facebook are the top four social media websites which also contain the most cyberbullying incidents among teens. Posting and sending embarrassing pictures can ruin a person’s professional future. Being denied a job or an opportunity for a task because somebody wrongly surfaced an image can give a bad reputation to someone else. Posting any offensive picture without that person’s permission is illegal. This is called copyright infringement. Posting pictures and saying harsh words about someone can also lower someone’s self-esteem. Self- esteem is having confidence in one’s worth and abilities. Being embarrassed and having low self-esteem is not healthy for anyone and could possibly lead to harmful thoughts. Having these thoughts can lead to committing suicide, cutting wrist, aggressive drug use or even depression which can all be life threatening. â€Å"In 2010, a Rutgers University freshman student, Tyler Clementi jumped off the George Washington Bridge to his death after two classmates allegedly used a webcam to secretly watch him during a gay dorm-room encounter, and the two were charged with invasion of privacy (CQ Researcher).† In Massachusetts, high schooler Phoebe Prince also committed suicide after six of her classmates had bullied her. They are charged with the cause of her death. Secondly, the use of cyber threats is illegal, and you can be arrested and convicted of a misdemeanor. Cyber threats can also affect a person’s mental health. Sending cyber threats can force the victim to become severely paranoid because they feel they may be endangered. When a person is bullied and sent a threat it brings a great deal of stress to them. They tend to worry about their sa fety and also for others around them. According to the UN Chronicle, â€Å"Stress is the biggest factor affecting the mortality rate in modern society.† Lastly, Catfishing and impersonation have caused emotional trauma to those who are victims of it. They have shown their real and true love to someone who has been not even real or was someone they did not know. Most victims may have shared pictures with others who they thought was someone they loved. Catfishing can also cause trust issues for those who have experienced it. People may think that everyone is a liar or may be out to get them from his or her past experiences. Also, insecurity can be a factor that comes from this as well. Victims may think that are not good enough for someone or worth the time. In conclusion, gossip, embarrassing pictures, threats, and Catfishing are all elements of cyberbullying and can definitely be avoided. Many have argued that â€Å"legislating against online behavior is an infringement on civil liberties, such as freedom of speech (Issues and Controversies)† but when it comes to person self-care and safety there should be penalties. Cyberbull ying should not only be addressed in schools, but also at home and from the states. As teens and young adults begin to use social media and cell phones more and more often there need to be ways to help stop cyberbullying. â€Å"States should pass new anti-cyberbullying legislation so that prosecutors can effectively target cyberbullies, setting an example for other teenagers and preventing tragedies (Issues and Controversies).† Let us take actions now before it is too late.

Organizational Behavior, Culture And Change Management Of...

In this course work we gonna discuss about organisational behaviour ,culture and change management of an industry . And also discuss the change management and organisational behaviour of a large construction company SKANSKA. SKANSKA has a successful opretional record of over 100 years which built structures like 30 st mary axe, Heron tower ,Barts and Royal london hospitals and the QEII bridge going over a merger and acquisition of small norwaign company REC (Renewble energy ltd). the former is a multi national company operated by english swedish management. It has its own quarries,batching plants,mixing plants ,brick and block factories. the company is famous for completing the projects on record time .but recently companies works decreased due to 2009/10 economic recession .so company planning to expand its into sustainable renewble energy construction. For that it is aiming for merger and acquistion of REC .We gonna discuss about the organisational behaviour and change management plans for the company for the first two years .And also we gonna discuss about the cultural problems and staff communications problems and apprehensions before and after the mergers of companies. And also about the how can we encourage or try for the betterment of organisational culture of a company . To do this we need to know what is organisational behaviour , culture and change management. Firstly we need to know what is an organisation ? An Organisation is a social unit consisting twoShow MoreRelatedWhat is an organizational culture? Explain both how the culture of an organization might evolve and why an understanding of organizational culture is important?1577 Words   |  7 PagesA culture is a pattern of assumptions and beliefs deeply held in common by members of an organization (Schein, 1985). 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Its The Furthest Thing From Extreme - 1148 Words

â€Å"That all sounds a little extreme.† â€Å"It’s the furthest thing from extreme. You may have carved out a sweet little community for yourself, but you are an island in a sea of misery - the tide is rising quickly. It’s only a matter of time before you and your estate are consumed by famine, pestilence, and death. We have a small window; I’m thinking maybe three to five years to try and put the genie back in the bottle.† â€Å"How?† â€Å"We have men and women in place in state capitols across the region who are working to reconstitute local and state governments. Many of these people are the same men and women who you worked with during the movement. If we can get some structures re-established, the goal is to hold a second round of constitutional conventions and repeal all the Liberty Amendments and the Supremacy Amendment at the state level. Once the Liberty Amendments and Supremacy Amendment are gone, we can begin making and enforci ng laws once again. As soon as we can enforce law, we can begin to rebuild society based on those laws.† â€Å"So, let me see if I’ve got this straight,† William said. â€Å"You took your grandson and fled Rosewood, leaving Edward Birch in the dust, and now you’re bent on starting a counter-movement, and you want me to help you foment this revolution.† â€Å"That’s exactly right.† â€Å"You’re doing this because you believe that Edward Birch is some demon, perhaps even the anti-Christ himself, whose goal all along has been to unleash an apocalypse on America. You believeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis1035 Words   |  5 PagesHistorians may not be able to prove anything since it’s observing what was left behind, but to Delgado, it’s more credible that telling what the Japanese told at the time that was exaggerated by not only just the writers but also with religious meanings. Khan was headed for Japan to conquer, so to fully understand Khan’s fleet’s, he explained why Khan wanted to control Japan. The Mongol Empire was one of conquest and expansion since it’s conception with it’s famous leader Genghis Khan. Kublai, being hisRead MoreEssay about The Illusion of Tradition in Jacksons The Lottery1079 Words   |  5 Pagesdeem it ok, evil shows it’s ugly face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today tradition is a strong part of out lives. We do not have any traditions that are as extreme as the lottery, however â€Å"The Lottery† symbolizes that relevance can be lost over time. Take the Bible for example, it has been written and rewritten several times over thousands of years, translated from one language to another and then to another. Even over the relatively short period of time in â€Å"The Lottery† many thing had been lost from there tradition. â€Å"AtRead MoreTechniques of Suffragists and Suffragettes941 Words   |  4 Pagesas, issuing leaflets, presenting petitions, arguing cases with MPs in an orderly manner etc. They made use of their inner circles of politions they could reach through their husbands and other family members. However progress was slow and the furthest they had got with their campaign was A.) raising awareness and B.) more than half MPs had said they wished to give women to the vote. Although there is a large difference in saying and doing. Just because the government had said they wantedRead MoreWhy Does God Allow Suffering?1159 Words   |  5 Pagesfree people not robots that are controlled by a superior being. This enables us to enjoy the gift of life that god has created for us. If there was not any suffering in our world we would have nothing to be thankful for. 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Essay How the American Revolution Changed the World

The American Revolution was the first conflict in history fought in the name of universal philosophy of law, constitutional rights, and self-government. Ketchum states, â€Å"It was the event that gave birth to our nation, bequeathed a common purpose to the most varied of peoples, and ignited a beacon of hope that inspires the oppressed to this day.† I believe the Revolutionary war was the most significant event in our nation’s history, stabilizing the United States for democracy. The outcome was the development of the Article of Confederation, The Constitution and recognition from Great Britain of the United States as an independent nation under the treaty of Paris. The Constitution embodied democracy, guaranteed religious freedom, and†¦show more content†¦During the seventeenth and eighteenth century Great Britain practiced salutary neglect by not enforcing taxes such as the Navigation Act restricting foreign trade to England. As a result, colonists were ad ept at controlling their own local government and grew more independent. The Revolutionary war was a direct result of decades of abuse and taxation tyranny over the colonist. The British parliament wanted to exert control over the colonist and felt that the colonist should pay for the British empires expenses through the Declaratory Act. Williams note, â€Å"The Sugar, Stamp, Townshend, and Quartering act, posed an immediate threat to the establish traditions of the colonial sovereignty†. The colonist resisted with physical violence and acts of hostility toward the British. Colonists were denied a place in the parliament therefore many colonists resented the British and wanted to become an independent state. Taxation without representation through the various acts imposed by Great Britain fueled the resentment of colonist, contributing to the Revolutionary war. The American Revolution was influenced by oppressive Acts and excessive taxes. Jennings states, â€Å"A major cause of the American Revolution had been traditional English hatred of excise taxes†. The Boston tea party and the Boston Massacre increase tension between American colonist andShow MoreRelatedHow Fracking Ignited The American Energy Revolution And Changed The World1577 Words   |  7 PagesHow Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World Russell Gold, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal, wrote a book entitled, The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World. In his book he begins by telling a personal story of how he has been affected by the â€Å"energy revolution. His parents, along with their friends, owned about 102 acres of land in Pennsylvania that was thought to have oil beneath it. The story begins when his parentsRead MoreFracking Boom : How Fracking Ignited American Energy Revolution And Changed The World Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagesconstruction, and community opposition among other issues. Presenting the talk were Russell Gold, author of The Boom: How Fracking Ignited American Energy Revolution and Changed the World, Mark Zoback, professor of Geophysics at Stanford University, and Trevor Houser, co-author of Fueling Up: The Economic Implications of America’s Oil and Gas Boom. The three guest speakers shared their expertise on how the fracking boom can power America’s economy, but can only be successful if the process in making the wellsRead MoreThe Age Of Revolution And The European Revolution1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of revolution was a powerful dynamic age in the European politics and the European Society that started in 1789 and ended in 1848. During this era, radical citizens and reforming governments in Europe changed the existing laws and the ruling structure in a way that created the forms of the existing modern Europe states. The age was very revolutionary as it gave the introduction to new systems within Europe. The era was both an age of destruction as well as a catalyst for growth. Also, theRead MoreMilitary Historians And Theorists Postulate That Napoleon Invented Modern Warfare916 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are aspects of how Napoleon fought that are used by many modern armies today, and his tactics and philosophy of fighting should continue to be studied, Napoleonic warfare is not fundamentally similar t o modern warfare. 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Within the revolution there was more than justRead MoreThe American Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1290 Words   |  6 Pages T he American Industrial Revolution began in the 1700’s and ended in the 1800’s. Most people believe that the American Industrial Revolution began when Samuel Slater brought technology from Britain to America. This technology allowed America to use manufacturing to quicken production. Industrial items such as the sewing machine, river boats, trains, telegraph, and mills allowed for growth in the United States. Immigrants from other countries gave the industrial growth enough workers to allowRead MoreEffects Of The Columbian Exchange1121 Words   |  5 Pagesanimals, plants, and food between the Old World and the New World. But the Columbian Exchange also included the transfer of diseases between Europe and the Americas.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Old World diseases were transferred European sailors to Native Americans. The diseases played at least as big of role in defeating the Native Americans as advanced weaponry did (Craig). In the first 20 years after the first encounter, wherever the Europeans went, large numbers of Native Americans died. The most deadly disease was smallpoxRead MoreWas The American Revolution Revolutionary?1549 Words   |  7 Pagesextent was the American Revolution revolutionary, one must define qualifications to accredit such a revolution. Is a revolution defined as a complete and utmost overthrow of an established government by a new regime? Or is a revolution defined as a subversive change in societal values/roles that changes the structures of a pre-existing social order? Or possibly both? In light of both definitions, one can evaluate that the American Revolution was indeed revolutionary because American colonists wereRead MoreLinda Kerber s Women Of The Republic1269 Words   |  6 PagesInformation): Date:â€Æ' The ideals by the Republicans which came into the limelight after the Revolutionary War would set into motion a revolution not just in the United States but in many countries across the world. Linda Kerber’s ‘Women of the Republic’ is a demonstration of the paradigm shift in relation to the US social and political structures after the American Revolution. Kerber observes that not only did the war provide more opportunities to women but also set a platform for women to chart the wayRead MoreThe American Revolution Was A Political Revolution1322 Words   |  6 Pagescolonies in the New World. In turn rebellions arose and led the colonies to declare independence. For the thirteen colonies the American Revolution began with its Declaration of Independence. The American Revolution was indeed a revolution, because its conclusion brought change. However, the American Revolution was a political revolution and but not a social revolution. The American Revolution was a political revolution because the values of government because government changed from a monarchy to

Same Sex Marriage Across The Whole World - 1507 Words

There is a long standing debate regarding same-sex marriage across the whole world. Many religious institutions as well as the people under each denomination, still firmly oppose it even after it’s legalization. â€Å"Religious denominations play a strong role in structuring attitudes about the morality of homosexuality, and support for specific policies of toleration and nondiscrimination† (Sherkat, Mattias de Vries and Creek 81). Religion continues to be a major factor towards the society’s views in same-sex marriage. It also determines how the scriptures in the bible regarding homosexuality are interpreted. â€Å"Fully 85% of those who are religiously unaffiliated favor same-sex marriage, as do 62% of white mainline Protestants and 56% of†¦show more content†¦God s design for marital relationship is heterosexual and monogamous – that both man and woman complement one another. In the accounts of the creation, man is created in the likeness and image of God, where they come together as one. Eve is created through Adam’s rib, which means that Adam’s equal is found with a woman. Their roles as man and woman and their purpose are defined through their anatomical differences. God s ideal exclusiveness of this relationship disallows any other relationship other than man and woman. In the first letter of Paul to the Corinthians, â€Å"Do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived! Fornicators, idolaters, adulterers, male prostitutes, sodomites†¦ none of these will inherit the kingdom of God† (The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocryoha: New Revised Standard Version, Cor. 6.9-10). In Paul’s letters, he had talked about other sexual relations besides that of a man and a woman. This is seen as a rejection of God’s design and purpose of the humankind. Which leads to his argument in his letter to the Romans that causes the fall of humanity (Hvalvik 15 0). Another popular reason as to why same-sex marriage is opposed is due to the assumption of what the main purpose of marriage is: to conceive children. It states in the book of Genesis, â€Å"And God blessed them, and God said to them, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth

Police And Crime Commissioners ( Pcc ) Have On Police...

The focal point of this literature is the influence the Police and Crime Commissioners (PCC) have on police accountability and governance. The managerialism of policing in England and Wales is examined through the introduction of the PCC, and their responsibilities and powers for developing future strategies are assessed. The potential influence of the PCC on the role of the chief constable and their relationship is considered. This article will also reflect on the opportunities and challenges provided by the PCC and particularly the prospects of enhanced public accountability of policing as a result. Police and Crime commissioners are selected to make sure local police are meeting the needs of the community. Their overriding principles†¦show more content†¦The government became concerned about how effective police governance strategies were and started a process of consultation of police reform (Home Office, 2003). Following the deliberation under of 1962 Royal Commission on the police, accountability was distributed between the Home Office, local police authority, and chief constable. The 1996 Police Act, Police Reform Act 2002 and the Police and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1994 imposed the tripartite systems’ groundwork, however it was not always uncontentious (Mawby and Wright, 2005 pp. 4). Some argue that policing has become over centralised and distorted due to under governance, heavy with bureaucracy which prevents police from policing efficiently. The PCC want to implement greater local discretion and independence from central departments. From the elect ion of the PCCs, more influential powers will radiate from the public, they expect that electoral success will be reflected in the local police activity; resulting in pressure being placed on the police from the PCC to implement the programmes and priorities that brought the PCC to election success (Loveday, 2013 pp. 23). Also, the media and local pressure groups may exert pressure on them to keep election promises. An advantageShow MoreRelatedPolice Effectiveness And Police Performance1302 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Police are held to account, and will touch upon the paradox of police governance, the balance of unwanted coercion of police, financial stewardship and police legitimacy. This essay will also divulge into a discussion on the topic; is policing political? There will be an argument for and against, and the advantages and disadvantages to both sides will be conversed to achieve an accurate conclusion. In addition this essay will start by portraying the significance of Police Accountability. PoliceRead MorePolicing the Police: An Argument for Democratic Say in How People Are Policed Quenton King May600 Words   |  3 Pages Policing the Police: An Argument for Democratic Say in How People Are Policed Quenton King May 5, 2014 Dr. Wozniak SOCA 319  The role of police in their communities and society as a whole, is an interesting and unique position. They are citizens that are responsible for policing fellow, equal citizens and are the extensive arm of the government. Police are required to enforce laws set by the state, regardless of the effectiveness or rationality of the laws and any negative

Best Marketing Mix Strategies By Companies in Australia

Question: Discuss aboutBest Marketing Mix Strategies By Companies in Australia. Answer: Introduction: Segmentation, targeting and positioning are interrelated activities which are important to achieving asuccessful Marketing Mix. (Armstrong, et al, 2009) Marketing Mix of a company is one of the main constitutes for their success and we need to make sure that the right market is being taken care of with your product offerings. (Zikmund, and Barry, n.d.) Segmentation whichis the process to cluster customers in groups based on demographics, and other needs. Targeting- This is the process to market a particular segment in the market you are in. Positioningis the development the value proposition for a particular target segment. Why is it Essential? This is essential because we need to target the segment which is fit for our target market. Also if we target the way our segment which will get us the required profits and it does make a lot of impact on the kinds of targeting segments. Now we move on to the two companies which have excellently put up their segmentation targeting and positioning. Furniture: IKEA Being the market leader in the low cost furniture, they have excellently managed their segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. IKEA Segmentation: Factors to Consider: They consider the strategic locations for actually having their products accessible around many of the housing localities. Moreover their furnishings are completely essential. Also they have the primary supplies of any household or business establishment. Concocted Innovations and popular outlines to pull in clients. Explanation Behind Piece of the Pie Ikea's Pricing procedure = Quality home furniture at moderate costs IKEA low estimating methodology 30-half lower than its rivals universally 10-15% lower in India Target Market - "Don't resemble your folks", a subject that appears to talk straightforwardly to IKEA's objective gathering of young ladies 25-35 years of age (Lewis, 2005). Channel Step by step instructions to enter the business sector Greatest contenders for Ikea in New Zealand include: Huge Save furniture Target furniture Harvey Norman Flexibility furniture Their low valuing procedure would perform laudably to undermine the organizations in which they can start new product. There are in the quantity of mechanical forces that are moving IKEA's external surroundings. With the range of so many types of furniture, IKEA will realize what the client wants in their stores while not leading any formal investigation. IKEA will get info on their customers whereas outlay negligible use. IKEA is persistently examining sites likewise, exploitation the net to induce info on their emptor base. (Doyle, 2002) IKEA has been thus viable due to its uncommon advancing combine. IKEA addresses a broad assortment of shoppers as a consequence of it expansive item advertising. IKEA offers quite nine, 500 numerous home furnishing things thus there's one thing for everybody. (George and Yaoyuneyong, 2010) According to IKEA's website, "The IKEA issue reach is wide during a couple ways in which. Within the 1st place, it's wide in limit: you will see all that you just got to furnish your home, from plants and parlor furnishings to toys and whole kitchens. Second it's wide mode. The wistful joined on the foremost crucial level can realize an equivalent live of moderateness of the product. Nevertheless that vogue you incline toward, there's one thing for everybody as mentioned IKEA." (Quinn, 2009) IKEA can presumptively provide the foremost broad extent of things to suit all tastes, styles, and personalities. In spite of the manner that it is the assortment of things that passes on the purchasers to IKEA, it's their prices that hold them returning. IKEA offers prices that are so much beneath the restriction as an aftereffect of their distinctive framework. Most of IKEA's furnishings comes in level boxes and customers should stockpile it themselves once they come back home. In any case, this finally offers focal points to the purchasers since this can be the issue that licenses IKEA to supply their furnishings at tremendously low expenses. IKEA's website observes that, "Our level packs and our customers' capability to stockpile things themselves change US to scale back work, conveyance and limit prices. IKEA diagrams furnishings thus it are often full unassembled. Finally, this means we are able to provide our customers things at low expenses." IKEA's production it-yourself strategy could appear sort of a client close up, however the prices cannot be neglected. Since IKEA customers would not worry putting in place to some extent additional push to additional some cash, IKEA more develops this method by discovering their stores in rustic extents. With a selected final objective to stay its gift customers tutored and pull in new customers to the stores, IKEA shares could be a broad assortment of strained time methodology. Pharmaceuticals: GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Segmentation: Consumer healthcare Prescription medicines Vaccines They mainly deal in many consumer healthcare products which are in many kinds of segments. Their Target Group is patients healthcare professionals which are seeking detection, prevention then the treatment of disease. (Department of Health, 2011) GSK has positioned them as- That they are the science global healthcare company. How they have Proven that they are so great in Targeting, Segmentation and Positioning: They are the top 5 largest pharmaceutical companies. Also being one of the worlds largest investor in RD. GSK has also been UKs top investor in research and development. They have won the chemical industry manufacturing and resource efficiency award. GSK with strong segments and markets have been doing really well with a presence in 100 countries. (Monika, et al, 2012, under the OTC markets) A company like GSK has many agreements with pharmaceutical companies and other companies also to make sure they are doing great R D and also there is an increasing awareness about healthcare needs. Thus their global diffusion through M As is doing wonder for them. With this segment and area being so developing and demanding- the increasing demand for quality healthcare solutions is there and thus with right positioning and targeting. Market Behavioral- Demographic Segmentation: Market Segmentation: The medications of the organization, GlaxoSmithKline are given to all patients, who have a place with center, lower and upper white collar class. The patients need treatment and these meds are instructed to the patients in the wake of diagnosing with respect to the infection in the patients. There is no discrimination on the basis of any cast color or creed. (Hooley, 2004) Target Market: The prescriptions and different results of the organization are given to the patients and the human services items are given to all individuals, whether they take it seriously or not. The organization is focusing on a wide range of the business sectors and these prescriptions are additionally given to the creating nations, which can produce more income over their deals. The customers need such pharmaceuticals, which can give them alleviation against agony and pain. Item Differentiation and Positioning: Various types of the items and medications are made and these pharmaceuticals are given in the retail market to deal to the customers. GSK is the main organization, which is managing such items, which can give treatment and enhance strength of the general population. The organization is in the main position as it is viewed as third best pharmaceutical organization in UK and it supplied its items in US and different nations. (MarketLine Industry Profile 2012) High Quality Market Penetration Strategy and Distribution Channels give them an edge over others. The Retailers Partnership and many Universities Health Centers, GSK has been doing wonders with the right channels which allow them to sell it nicely and earn profits. With such marketing mix only, GSK is able to retain its topmost position in this competitive and tough industry. GSK's Partnership increases the accessibility and also develops products to target new segments. (Mintel 2012, Oral Healthcare Executive Summary UK Mintel 2012) Thus it can be seen that with great marketing mix you can do wonders in your respective industries. GSK and IKEA are such examples which are actually making a lot of profits and doing great work in the market to retain their segments and position their products real well. (Key Notes 2011) References N.d. 2013, Marketing Research and Intelligence Association (MRIA).Marketing Research and Intelligence Association (MRIA). Web. Last accessed on 26th August, 2016 Zikmund and Barry J. Babin N.D..Essentials of Marketing Research. n.d. 69 Quinn, Michael J. 2009. Ethics for the Information Age.ISBN0-321-53685-1 Kotler, Philip. 2009, Marketing: An Introduction, Essex UK: Pearson Education Ltd. George, BP., Yaoyuneyong, G., 2010, Impulse buying and cognitive dissonance: a study conducted among the spring break student shoppers, Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, Vol. 11 Iss: 4 pp. 291 -306 Doyle, Philip 2002 Value-based marketing: marketing strategies for corporate Growth and shareholder Value. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Key Notes 2011, OTC Pharmaceuticals Market Report 2011, 15th EditionLucy Capstick Hooley, Graham J. 2004 Marketing strategy and competitive positioning, Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall MarketLine Industry Profile 2012, OTC Pharmaceuticals in the United Kingdom (February) Mintel 2012, Oral HealthcareExecutive Summary UK Mintel 2012, OTC Painkillers and Cold and Flu Remedies UK Monika, 2012, Which factors drive product sales in OTC markets? International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, Vol. 6 Iss: 4 pp. 291-309 Department of Health 2011, Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme Available at:https://www.dh.gov.uk/health/category/policy-areas/nhs/medicines-nhs/pprs/ Last accessed on 26th August, 2016 Guardian, 2001, What is an ethical company?, https://www.theguardian.com/money/2001/nov/13/ethicalmoney. Jenkin, Matthew 2013, Millennials want to work for employers committed to values and ethics, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/may/05/millennials-employment-employers-values-ethics-jobs

Shaking free essay sample

Fingers shaking. Twenty eyes watching. Hands shaking. Forehead sweating. Silence. They are waiting. Hands trembling. Heart beating fast. Tempo. Sounds. Rests. Mistakes. Those are the things that ran through my mind when I first performed in front of an audience. I was nervous and there was no escape! The piano was probably ten meters away from the exit dooraˆâ€ for me it seemed like twenty miles away. Defeat. I played through Bachs Seventh Invention with shaking hands. It sounded awful. But this particular event encouraged me to work harder. Instead of just quitting piano lessons I asked my piano instructor questions regarding techniques that many professional pianists use while performing. I also asked my teachers and they told me to picture the audience in their underwear, but that would be quite silly. â€Å"It takes a great amount of practice and experience to be a good performer† was the soundest advice I got from them. We will write a custom essay sample on Shaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I practiced more. But suddenly, I got frustrated, thinking that I would never improve. Frustration is a sickening yet glorious feeling that many musicians experience during their musical career. My piano instructor and music teachers see it in my face whenever I encounter problems in playing specific phrases written on the music sheet. But I have always thought of my frustrated face as an expression that I am trying my best. And I was indeed trying my best, and my attempts to improve were enough. I decided to move on to the more important part of my musical career: sharing music. I used to think that I was not born to perform in front of many people, but I realized that there are certain things that you are born with and these things are different from the ones that you have to acquire. Nobody is born with any musical talent because talents require an adequate amount of hard work and musicality requires an abundant amount of love and emotion. I have acquired these things. Self-destructive thoughts filled my head once again: â€Å"Youre going to shake again for three minutes!† No! I might shake and I might get nervous in the future but I shall never forget what my Classical piano is all aboutaˆâ€ I just want to play and I want to share it. My name was called out. I stood and walked slowly, straight towards the schools upright piano. Is it going to happen again? I sat in front of the black and white keys. Fifty eyes watching. Calm. Steady Tempo. Mellifluous melodies. Emotional rests. I just want to play and I want to share it. And with loose hands I played through Bachs Eighth Invention. It sounded brilliant.

Why Choosing An Essay School For Grad School In Social Work Examples Is Important

Why Choosing An Essay School For Grad School In Social Work Examples Is ImportantOne of the major problems in finding an essay school for grad school in social work is the problem of geographical location. The problems begin when you realize that you are a professor of social work and you don't want to live in your town because your entire department will be located there. You can't afford to have students travel, because they might need to move to an even more remote area if they fail to be accepted by the best programs.There are other problems as well. If you decide that a Ph.D. program is not right for you, you will have to find another program in graduate school. Maybe you have a second degree, but you still need to complete your Master's before you can do anything else. This means that all the credentials that you have are going to have to be replaced.One of the reasons why essay schools for grad school in social work samples are so popular is because they take out some of these problems. By giving out a wide range of programs that are entirely independent of one another, the schools put all of their focus on giving students a quality graduate education. The only things that the schools have in common are that they have all graduated from the same institution, and they all have the same requirements for admission. They are not competing against each other for the best graduate school in social work, because their requirements are identical.It is important to remember that writing an essay is not the same as completing a thesis in social work. When you write an essay you are trying to convey your ideas to someone, and you want to make sure that they will listen to you. In a doctoral program, a PhD program, you need to be able to communicate your ideas to a group of experts that have the same interests as you do.Many people have asked me if they should write thesis-style essays or do a bit of research before writing it. My answer is that you should be able t o easily create a thesis-style essay, and then you should find a way to make it sound like it has some of the best examples that you have ever read. If you are careful about this, then you are going to find that there are plenty of ways to do this, and you should be able to see your essays come out just fine.If you are interested in what essay schools for grad school in social work samples can do for you, you can start by talking to the admissions counselor at the school you are interested in. Find out what is expected of you, and what the admissions officers at the school can do to help you. You are going to be given a number of opportunities to do research, and you are going to be put in a position where you can make all of the decisions. By doing so, you are going to be more likely to get the best essay school for grad school in social work samples that you can.If you don't want to go through all of this, then don't feel bad. All of the essay schools for grad school in social wor k samples are going to make it hard for you to get admitted to a program. The good news is that you can be very successful if you want to get into a program, but the hardest part is going to be being able to convince a variety of institutions that you deserve to go to grad school.

The Development Of Civilization Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Development Of Civilization Essay, Research Paper The Development of Civilization in the Ancient World In order to understand the development of civilisation in worlds, a long and about as diverse procedure, complete with ruins and dead-ends, as the physical development of world itself, we must foremost understand the conditions of life in that clip period. Other factors we have to account for are the different physical capablenesss and restrictions of adult male and the climactic conditions of the ancient universe. The development has gone from simple groups of huntsmans to great imperiums to progress signifiers of authorities such as democracy and communism. However, the chief construct that has driven work forces to larn to work together is survival. Man, due to physical restrictions, is unable to last on his ain. Work force must interact with each other in order to last. This common yarn in the development of civilisation has enabled adult male to develop to the degree he has, from a clip when cave drawings were considered historical records and had spiritual significance to an age when we have readily available at our fingertips the temperature of a metropolis two thousand stat mis off. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development Of Civilization Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this essay, I am traveling to analyze how mankind went from sets of huntsmans to the great metropoliss that sprung all over Asia, the Middle East and southeasterly Europe in ancient times. In analyzing this development, I will explicate how adult male has become the in one sense the high terminal in development, in his ability to pull strings nature, and the low point in development, in his ability and evident willingness to destruct himself. Besides, any mention to the word adult male is implied in the general sense of the full human race, male and female alike. To get down this essay, I am traveling to discourse the demand of adult male for other work forces. Whether the dependance that work forces have on each other is a positive or negative facet of world is unfastened for argument. However there is about no 1 in this twenty-four hours and age, at least in western civilisation, who is wholly independent of others to last. Not one of us is able to emotionally last ( wholly disregarding the physical facets of endurance ) solitariness. This finally leads to madness and suicide. However, the primary necessity that led to the development of civilisation was non the mental factor, it was the physical factor. Work force learned that in order to last they were traveling to hold to work together. Work force learned that better cloaks could be made if one adult male made them all and that more and better nutrient could be caught or gathered and eaten if one adult male or a group of work forces caught or collected all of it. All of these realisations led to the development of the earliest communities of people. Work force learned to work together in order to work more expeditiously and to do life easier. Mankind could neer hold developed into what it is today if it wasn? T for its ability to work together, for this ability was the ultimate separation point between us and animate beings. By working together, adult male was able to better on his efficiency in nutrient production. Man switched from merely garnering nutrient and merely chancing that the following topographic point he went would hold the nutrient he needed to last. Now adult male began to see that the nutrient would ever be at that place when he needed it by get downing to farm and domesticate animate beings. These farming techniques and the division of labour brought world to a turning point in his development. Animals, unlike worlds spend every waking hr of their lives seeking to last and work forces did that until it was no longer necessary because they had adequate nutrient, if non more than plenty to last and so adult male was really able to sit down and believe about things, to see, interpret and explore. One of the greatest evolutionary achievements came from these achievements: spoken communicating. Spoken communicating, every bit advanced as ours, is one of the things that separate us from animate beings, because ideas are worthless if there is no manner to portion them. It is unbelievable how much as evolved from the simple demand to last. The physical development of adult male, nevertheless great it is, has been good surpassed by the societal development of adult male. It is simple to wonder at the past, but we can neer truly understand our current civilisation without understanding its roots. Even at this early degree of civilisation, art, one of the most fantastic and alone things about the human race, developed. It is believed that art started out as symbolic word picture? s of human relationships. This theory suggests that early societal philosophers tried to construe the demands of the societal construction by picturing them symbolically. For illustration, cave bison were non meant to be seen as bison, but instead depicted as adult females, and Equus caballuss were meant to be seen as work forces. Some celebrated cave drawings can be seen in southern France/northern Spain. On these cave walls are depicted fantastic wall paintings of animate beings, such as bison, bulls, Equus caballuss, ponies and harts. Besides, the cave painters were non of the huntsmans in their group, their functions in society was to pull these pictures. They were specializers at their art. These people spent their whole twenty-four hours, merely like the hunter-gatherers spent their whole twenty-four hours, making their occupation. This is grounds that division of labour is a really old construct. Cave drawings were evidently a really of import portion of a society in ancient yearss, and art itself came to be a really of import portion of every civilization that has of all time existed. Later civilisations formed more advanced versions of art, such as sculpture, music and literature. These are all defined as humanistic disciplines. Almost every civilization that had the ability to developed these signifiers of art, did. After the societal group of hunter-gatherers, another type of community evolved. This was the community of villagers. Villages would non hold been possible if it wasn? T for the development of hand-tools, specifically the hand-ax. Hand tools made it possible for adult male to construct some of the constructions he built when he built the small towns. ? Nineteenth-century bookmans hypothesized four phases in human development: ( 1 ) a barbarian phase in which all people were hunter-gatherers, ( 2 ) a herder or nomad phase during which adult male domesticated some animate beings, ( 3 ) a agrarian phase, and ( 4 ) civilisation. Research workers have since attempted to find when and where adult male foremost changed from hunter-gatherer to pastoralist or agriculturist. ? Many governments have come to believe that adult male # 8217 ; s domestication of workss and animate beings caused alterations in their formand that the presence or absence of such alterations may bespeak whether the animate being or works was domesticated at some clip in the yesteryear. On the footing of such grounds, some bookmans have hypot hesized a preliminary agricultural stage of intensive nutrient assemblage in the Middle East about 9000-7000 BC, when adult male passed from runing and garnering to nutrient bring forthing or agribusiness. The Natufians of Palestine, who possessed reaping hooks, lived at this clip ; whether the grain they harvested was sown or wild is non known. Cattles were likely domesticated during this period or somewhat earlier from the wild ox ( Bos Sanchez ) , which stood six to seven pess ( 1.8 to 2.1 meters ) high at the withers ( the ridge between the shoulder castanetss ) . At Shanidar, in Iraq, it is claimed that sheep, similar to wild assortments in signifier and construction, were kept in herds. Furthermore, it has been suggested on slightly bad evidences that einkorn wheat ( Triticummonococcum ) , emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum ) , and wild barley ( Hordeum spontaneum ) were cultivated about 7000 BC at Ali Kosh on the boundary lines of Iraq and Iran. ? There seems no obliging ground, nevertheless, why these cases should be regarded as the first of their sort. It is possible that domesticated beans ( Phaseolus ) , peas ( Pisum ) , bottle calabashs ( Lagenaria siceraria ) , and H2O chestnuts ( Trapa ) may hold been grown at the Spirit Cave in northern Thailand about 9000 BC. In the Americas, Cucurbita pepos ( Cucurbita ) and calabashs ( Lagenaria ) are known to hold existed in domesticated signifier in northeast Mexico about 7000 BC, and likely beans in the Tehuacan Valley. The castanetss of a Canis familiaris, perchance used for runing about 8500 B.C. ; were discovered in the United States. In amount, it now seems improbable that there was either a individual or even a really limited figure of topographic points of beginning of works and carnal domestication and, hence, of agribusiness. ? Villagers were able to remain in one topographic point because of the newfound abilities in agriculture and farm animal. This brought approximately even greater achievements because of its complexness. Work force had to wholly alter their manner of life to last village life. Most of their clip was spent in field-work. Most people worked in nutrient production, with a really little per centum, possibly every bit small as one per centum were involved in handcrafts such as doing clayware, weaving, and tool/weapon doing. When people in western Asia became agriculturalists, they began constructing year-round home topographic points. With the development of lasting small towns came the development of warfare. Warfare has become an mundane portion of people? s lives. Peoples? s attitudes reflect this war-like behaviour. How people build up confederations in mundane life. How one group of kids can non wish another group, and vice-versa. The spirit of war is imbedded in us all. It may non come of course, but we see it in ourselves and each other. ? Village organisation necessarily brought about long- distance trade, and it merely as necessarily provoked the growing of war. No uncertainty war has been the curse of human being, with dearth and disease, at least since the visual aspect of agricultural small towns, but since the growing of warfare in ancient times stimulated the growing of economic and societal complexness it however must be counted as a measure toward the outgrowth of civilisation. ? The promotions that can be contributed to warfare in ancient times can besides be attributed to modern times. For illustration, the United States and many other states across the universe were brought out of the Great Depression by World War II. In add-on to economic promotions due to the war, societal promotions were besides made. Civil rights and adult females? s rights motions gained great strength during this clip, and the same can be expected to hold happened in ancient times, because, as we already know, history repetitions itself. ? What makes the hand-ax of peculiar involvement here is that by the clip of its flawlessness during the 2nd inter-glacial, it was being manufactured over a genuinely huge country: from South Africa to southern England and from England across the southern half of Europe and the Near East to India. ? Villages, nevertheless, were merely a minor beginning to what was to come. The following degree in the development of civilisation was the outgrowth of the towns. Towns were somewhat more populated than small towns and much more organized. Town had leaders or male monarchs and these towns finally evolved into metropoliss. Many towns sprung up about southwest Asia and Europe around this clip. Religion played an of import function in the lives of towns people. ? From the 3rd millenary BC to the beginning of the Christian Era, signifiers of supplication changed little among the Assyrians and Babylonians and their posterities. The oldest signifiers are composed of anthem and litanies to the Moon goddess Sin and the God Tammuz. Though some vocals of joy have been found, most are adjurations. Some anthem of thanksgiving Tell of gratitude to the deity for triumph over an enemy. ? Many civilisation? s developed faiths to explicate natural phenomenon. They believed that if they made forfeits to their Gods, they would have a good crop, good conditions and be free from diseases. Religion played an of import function in the development of ancient civilisations. Many of these freshly formed metropoliss were ruled under a theocracy, a signifier of authorities in which the swayer has both spiritual and political power. While these civilisations were developing, they were puting the basis for future societies. The United States, for illustration, modeled itself after Athens, an ancient metropolis in Greece. Their development was merely every bit of import as was that of modern states because they initiated new techniques and schemes. The ancient civilisations formed a portion of our modern universe that is really apparent today. These civilisations shaped our divinity, art, music, literature, linguistic communication, life styles, and authorities. In shutting, I would wish to reflect on certain cardinal points in this essay. First off being how world learned to work together. Work force worked together in order to carry through a common end from the earliest times. But these confederations brought about warfare. War is for good imbedded in our psyches and our heads. It has ever played a major function of universe history. Despite this characteristic, the privation of adult male to accomplish a common good has continually popped up through history and resolved many of these struggles. It is necessary that we understand how modern civilisation developed so that we can to the full grok it. Mankind has shown a continual attempt to accomplish flawlessness, with some methods coming to a dead terminal and others booming, and whether or non we of all time achieve a perfect society depends on whether or non we are able to to the full swear each other. 346

Business Productivity Growth Hypothesis Essays - Free Essays

Business Productivity Growth Hypothesis Essays - Free Essays Business Productivity Growth Hypothesis In this assignment, we will attempt to study the effects that difference in Income Ratio (henceforth known as I.R.) between the years 1980 and 1990 have on the Productivity Growth (P.G.) during the same period of time. The Income Ratio of one specific year can be found if we take the average income of the richest faction of a country (the richest 20% of the population) and divide it by that of the poorest faction (the poorest 20%). In this assignment, the Income Ratios that were used were those of 13 different countries. The I.R.'s on both 1980 and 1990 were taken for all these countries and, to find the difference between them, the I.R. for 1990 was divided by the I.R. for 1980, for each country. These new numbers illustrate the change of I.R. between the two years so that we can compare how the P.G. changes in relation to the changes in the I.R.. On this assignment, we use inductive reasoning to examine the data and find a theory (a hypothesis) that would combine the data given in a way that would make sense, based solely on our data. How do we know if the "theory" that we formulate makes sense? In this case we will plot the points (derived from the column "I.R. 1990/1980," going on the x-axis, and the column "Productivity Growth 79-90," on the y-axis). According to how the points are on the graph in relation to the Average Point (0.94,1.45) (point that is an average of all values and which divides the graph into four Quadrants), if 80% of these points are where they would be expected to be to conform to the hypothesis, then there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. If, on the other hand, the majority of the points does not conform to our hypothesis (are not where they were predicted to be), then it is rejected. Another method of reasoning frequently used by Mainstream economists is "deductive knowledge," as opposed to "inductive," described above. Their theory is formulated and only then it is applied to the data. Their theory on this subject suggests that productivity within a country grows when the population has incentives to work harder (or to work more). When the gap between rich and poor increases (an increase in I.R. form 1980-90, resulting in a larger ratio on the column I.R. 1990/1980), so does the population's eagerness to work, therefore increasing the Productivity Growth. Since when one variable goes up the other also goes up, there is a positive (or direct) correlation between the two. Mainstream economists use deductive reasoning to deduce that there exists a positive correlation between the two factors. In short, their hypothesis is that when the Income Ratio increases, the Productivity Growth also increases, since people are more motivated. For this to be true, we would expe ct a line going up and to the right on the graph, passing by Quadrants II and IV. Most points (80% or more) would have to be on these two Quadrants. This, however, is not the case (see graph), since only about 30.77% of the points plotted satisfy these conditions. Since the original hypothesis was rejected, we might want to see if there is a negative correlation between the two variables (that is, as one goes up, the other goes down). Our new hypothesis would then be "as the Income Ratio increases, the Productivity Growth decreases." Then, in the case of a high I.R., people in lower classes would rationally start to feel insecure and that their work is not being recognized by society, therefore losing motivation and producing less. In this case, since there's a negative correlation, one would expect the line on the graph to go downwards, from left to right, passing on Quadrants I and III. If this hypothesis were valid, 80%+ of the points would have to be on these Quadrants. This is also not the case, for only 69.32% of the points are on the appropriate Quadrants. Like the first, this second hypothesis also has to be rejected. After analyzing these two relationships and seeing that neither is valid, we conclude that there is no direct relationship between the two variables tested. That does

Construction project (site and environment) Research Paper

Construction project (site and environment) - Research Paper Example The project will then discuss more on the location of the architecture building. Next to the Edward M. Crough Center for Architectural Studies, for example there is a flower bed, cobblestone walkway and flagstone (Carthy, 2007). In addition, there is an easy to maintain field of grasses planted on someplace that was once a dry stream bed with boulders, and plantings that replace what was one time a lawn and sidewalk. In the flower bed that is dry, a series of misters produce an effect of fog-like that develops a cooling microclimate that can go all through the summer. The CUA campus is located in the Brook land in Northeast Washington which is a residential community; 620 Michigan Ave., NE.; is its main entrance. The campus is bound by John McCormick Road to the east, Hawaii Avenue to the north, North Capitol Street to the west, Michigan Avenue to the south. It is 5 km or 3 miles to the north of the Capitol building. The campus is tree-lined and is which 193 acres is. Modern design and Romanesque are applicable in the major 55 buildings of the university. Between Gibbons and McMahon halls and alongside the National Shrine Basilica of the Immaculate Conception runs are the mall. The Mall is a large grass that is mostly the place of sunbathers and Ultimate Frisbee games. In the middle of Centennial Village is Conte Circle, which is a cluster consisting of 8 residential houses. Earthquake activity in the District of Columbia is negligible. No cases earthquakes have been centred within the District, nor are there any faults. Nevertheless it has experienced earthquakes centred in Maryland, Virginia, and other surrounding states. The District of Columbia topography is the same as the physical geography of Maryland. The District has 3 major natural flowing water bodies; the Anacostia River, the Potomac River and its tributaries and Rock Creek. The convergence the

Management of service quality issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management of service quality issue - Essay Example The valet parking service is generally provided by establishments such as hotels, restaurants, big business houses, malls and theatres. In the current research, various advantages and issues of valet parking with respect to the Address hotel has been discussed. The Address hotel is one of the well known and favourite destinations in Dubai. The hotel expects to increase its overall service quality and enhance customer satisfaction through better management of valet parking services. In order to identify the major problems in valet parking service quality, fishbone analysis and Pareto analysis tool have been used. Analysis of these two theories has revealed that there are six major problems which results in customer dissatisfaction and overall damage of the hotel’s brand image. After identification of these exact problems, various possible recommendations were suggested. Valet parking is convenient as well as affordable to the customers. In majority of cases, valet parking is ve ry cheap and affordable. Valet parking helps in improving the overall experience of the customer. The customers are able to start their experience with a pleasurable parking service facility. Introduction Valet parking is a common parking service provided by some stores, businesses and restaurants. The tradition was initiated in North America and then had spread to other parts of the globe such as Europe, Australia and Middle-east (Clarke and Chen, 2012). While self-parking customers need to find a parking place by themselves, in Valet parking the vehicles of customers are parked by an individual known as Valet. This kind of service either requires some charges to be paid by the car owner or it can be free of charge by the business or establishment. The major advantage of valet parking is that it is convenient. Customers need not walk distant places especially when they are carrying heavy things with them. A lot of handicapped customers rely on valet parking services as they cannot walk to the destination from a distant parking space. Valet parking is also convenient during bad weather conditions. In most of the high profile hotels and restaurants, valets are knowledgeable and professionals who are able to drive and place every model in their perfect places. It is also a method of saving space compared to normal street parking. The various venues where valet parking is currently used are single events, bar or restaurant locations, crowded settings, hotel locations, casinos, malls and airports (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Most individuals who provide valet parking services usually fall in the age group of 18-28. However, attendants as old as 60 can also be found working in this valet service. Turnover is quiet high for these services. Valet parking also includes certain types of equipments for example, valet podiums where vehicles are handed over to the valet, key boxes used for protecting and storing the keys and valet tickets to keep a check on the different ve hicles. In some urban areas and exceptional places, valet parking services are also provided for bikes. The purpose of the current project is to investigate and research the management of valet parking service. The project will throw light on how the service is being provided in five star hotels and how it is affecting the overall performance of these hotels. The organization taken for the project is Address hotel in Dubai. The Address hotel in Dubai is one of the well known hotel destinations. It is near by the sea shore and is situated in Dubai

Teaching Essays| Teacher Stress

Teaching Essays| Teacher Stress The problem of teacher stress was a great concern in Hong Kong. As in many media also mention that nowadays teachers are suffers from great pressure. Professional teacher’s union (2005) has conducted a survey and the results showed that 28% of teachers always have more than five burnout symptoms. The situation is serious as such a high percentage of teachers complained about burnout. It would affect the quality of teaching and the quality of life among teachers. The situations have been for a long time. The professional teachers’ union of Hong Kong (1995) also conducted a survey on teacher stress. 1000 questionnaires were distributed to its members by random sampling method in January 1995, with a return rate of 45 per cent. The results showed that 61 per cent of the respondent found teaching stressful. The main sources of stress are: students’ unruly behavior, large class size, too much marking, too much clerical work and so on. Recent research finding has suggested that when worker suffer from prolonged stress of the organizational factor, they are potentially to have burnout. There are few study conducted in Hong Kong to investigate the correlation between work stress and burnout. In this study, I would like to find which stress factor contribute to teacher three dimension of burnout in Hong Kong. Definition of Burnout Burnout is a term used to describe people who are physically and psychologically burnout. Burnout is defined originally by Freudenberger to describe health-care workers who were physically and psychologically burnt out (Byrne, 1994). It means people would deplete themselves and when they experience burnout, they would feel their physical and mental resources have been exhaust. The reason to get burnout because people wear out themselves by excessively to strive or reach some unrealistic expectation, so burnout is developed gradually over time as a result of excessive demands derived from task structure. The concept distinguishes between work stress and burnout is when people have stress. Stress can have negative or positive effects. Positive side is mean that people have average and suitable stress can motivate people work hard and to attain the goal. But burnout is a long term negative result of work stress. Burnout has been viewed as one type of chronic response because of cumulative, long-term work stress experience.(Ling, 1995).If an employee is under stress for a prolonged period of time, he or she may finally come to a situation that he or she no longer cope with it. When individual feel that they are unable to maintain the caring, this finally leads to the feelings of burnout. â€Å"Machach (1996) defines burnout syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment.† (TonyLillian,2007, p.469). So emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment is not exist separately, three of them are correlate each other. Emotional exhaustion refers to the characteristic that individual experience that they seem lack of energy and feeling that their emotional energy is used up. This feeling can be come from that they feel frustration and tension in their workplace, so they appear compassion fatigue that they feel that their emotional and psychologically cannot continue to continue their work. Depersonalization is characterized that display a detached and an emotional callousness and cynical attitude toward their co-worker, clients or people surrounding in their workplace. When people under the state of depersonalization, they may use some derogatory word when communication with other people. They may withdrawal to communicate with other co-worker. When people appear reduce personal accomplishment, the characteristic is they would have a tendency to evaluate oneself negatively, they would not appreciate themselves even though they have contribution at work and even have a decline on feeling job compete nce and successful achievement in their work and interaction with people at work. (Coedes Dougherty, 1993) Burnout is a syndrome that affects employees in all occupations, but is especially prevalent among human services workers. Hasida and Keren (2007) indicated that burnout associate with people which the job is giving care to others . Burnout is occurs most in helping professional such as teachers, lawyers, physicians, nurses, social workers and psychotherapist. According to Maslach and Jackson (1981), professional staff in human service, they have many opportunities in intense involvement with other people, and this interaction would have chance for staff is charge with feeling of anger, embarrassment, fear or despair. When people who work continuously with people under such circumstances, the chronic stress would leas emotional draining and have risk for burnout. There are more emotional strain is greatest for the individual who work in helping professions because they are constantly dealing with other people and their problems, their work need they have involve their emotion to client’s problem and face-to-face interaction with other people is emotional charged situations. Cordes and Dougherty (1993) indicated that burnout is a process, the process of burnout is the sequencing of the three components of burnout, Maslach suggested that emotional exhaustion is first developed by the excessive chronic work demands, and this demand would drain individual’s emotional resources, thus individual would feel they lack of emotional energy and feeling of being worn out. Emotional exhaustion would lead ones distant oneself from self from work, so depersonalization may be viewed as a type of avoidance coping mechanism used to cope with emotional exhaustion. Depersonalization seem provide an emotional buffer between individual and the stress induced by emotional demand of the job. Depersonalization is a unique response to burnout.Then when people recognized that their current attitude and their original expectation of performance in the work is discrepancy. Diminish the feeling of personal accomplishment were developed. Individual would feel that their abilit y is not enough to care other people and perform their job. Janssen, Schauffi and Houkes (1999) have mentioned that emotional exhaustion is significantly positively related with depersonlization. (r=0.33) And there are significant negatively related between depersonalization and personal accomplishment (r=0.38) Based on the previous findings, the research question in this study is how three dimensions of burnout are related to each other. The two related hypotheses are formulated. The first hypothesis is there are positive association between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The second hypothesis is there are negative association between depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Consequence of burnout Burnout has negative consequence on organization, as burnout would affect employee performances. In organization, burnout would affect people’s psychological factor. It would result in low morale, absenteeism, more frequency of tardiness, work alienation, physical and emotional ill-health, teachers leaving the professional, early job retirement. This factor would make organization loss many experienced and experienced people. (Baker, O’Brien Salahuddin, 2007; Pines Aronson, 1988). The burnout have been linked with a variety of mental and physical health problems. The effect of mental health is decrease in self-esteem, depression, irritability, helplessness and anxiety. Physical health problems include fatigue, insomnia, headache. (Cordes Dougherty, 1993)In the field of influence the quality of education, burnout would decrease the quality of teaching because teacher’s performance’s decline. Ioannou and Kyriakides (2007) indicated that when people experience burnout, they would accompany several symptoms, such as physical depletion, feeling disillus ionment, they would develop negative attitude toward the work. Teachers experiencing burnout tend to be dogmatic about their practices and to rely rigidly on structure and routine. If people suffer form burnout, it would affect their attitude toward others and it would affect the quality of social relationship. Ioannou and Kyriakides(2007) indicated that if teacher suffer form burnout, they would have poor interpersonal relationships with colleague and students. Tatar and Yahav (1999) also indicated that generally burned-out teacher provide significantly less information, less praise, and less acceptable of their student’s ideas, and they interact them less frequently. The burnout syndrome would affect the teacher perception of their student as when people have suffer from burnout, as teacher would lower student’s ability and usually they would provide little positive feedback for students’ answer. Abel and Sewell (1999) also indicated that the consequence of burnout would reduced teacher-pupil rapport and pupil motivation. Teachers are the key persons in the frontline to ensure the quality of teaching to provide to the next generation. So it is important to investigate the situation of burnout phenomenon of teachers in Hong Kong nowadays. Work stress Tam and Mong (2005) indicated job stress means people experience psychological state which is incongruence and misfit between worker’s perceptions of the demands on them and their ability to cope with those demand Abel and Sewell (1999) used transactional model to defined stress, this model emphasized that stress depends on individual’s cognitive appraisal of events and circumstance at work and the perception of owns ability to cope with. The experience of stress is due to perception of demand and inability to meet this demand, and finally threat teacher’s mental or physical well-being. Teacher stress Many studies have been done to identify the causes of stress in teaching. Previous factor analytic studies have identified identify guidance work, school management, student behavior management, workload and time pressure and work relationship is source of stress in Hong Kong. Workload and time pressure are the commonly reported stress in Hong Kong. As in several reports also reported that teachers have to work overload and it is one of the major sources of stress. (Professional teachers’ union of Hong Kong ,2005) Work stress and burnout There are many research have done before had indicated that work stress is related to burnout. Capel.(1991) indicated that individual differences and personality alone can not predict burnout. Because burnout is affected by the long-term impact of stressor come from environmental stressor. In Kokkinos(2007) measured the relationship between job stressor and burnout in primary school teachers. It used 63 job stressor which have 11 subscales of work stress, it is student’s behavior, managing student’s misbehavior, decision making, relationships with colleagues, role ambiguity, poor working conditions, appraisal of teachers by students, work overload, appraisal of teachers, time constraints, specific teaching demands. This study run correlation analyses, it showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly positively correlated with all job stressor. And work stress was negative correlated with personal accomplishment. I would use teacher stress scale designed by Hui and Chan (1996) to measure teacher stress in Hong Kong, as this scale is 20 relevant items were selected form the 55 items in factor analysis. This scale have been conducted in Hong Kong secondary school, it is more representative in present study as my target participant is secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. Based on these finding, I formulate the these hypothesis. The third hypothesis is there are positive association between work stress and emotional exhaustion. The forth is there are positive association between work stress and depersonalization. The fifth hypothesis is there are negative association between work stress and personal accomplishment. Guidance work Apart from teaching student academic knowledge in school. Teacher in Hong Kong also have responsibility to guide students in their individual development. Kyriacou (2001) indicated that many teachers in Hong Kong have been given additional duties in school guidance work in order to improve the quality of guidance. As a result, guidance work has become a part of every teacher’s workload in Hong Kong teachers. It is one of the responsibilities that Hong Kong teachers need to do in their routine of job. â€Å"In 1990, the Hong Kong Education commissions, a body which defines educational objectives and formulates education policy, formally endorsed guidance work as a responsibility of all teachers, thereby advocate a whole school approach to guidance† (Hui. Chan,1996,p.201). Guidance work is a process of helping students in their self-understanding and self-development, and facilitate students in their educational, vocational, personal-social development. Hui and Chan (1996) indicated that guidance aspect of works as a potential dimension of stress, until now it has not yet received much research attention. But it may lead teacher increase their workload as they have additional responsibilities in planning and monitoring whole school guidance programmes. Therefore it would become a part of every teacher’s workload. In Hui and Chan (1996) study, it indicated that guidance-related aspect of work is one of major dimension of stress in Hong Kong secondary teachers, they have most stress on individual guidance work, it includes guiding students with behavior, emotional and learning difficulties, the lack of improvement in students. Moreover, Lam, Yuon and Mak (1998) stated that teachers feel difficulty in guidance work is one of the factor which teacher feel difficulty they encounter in their work. There is no research conducted on the relationship between stress on guidance work and burnout. But there are two factors are potential emerged from guidance work. The first one is guidance work increase workload to teacher and the other is guidance work may induce role conflict and role ambiguity for teacher. In the workload of guidance work, it may increase their workload as they are given additional responsibilities to plan, formulate and carry out the guidance work may be related to burnout. The workload and time pressure may be out of expectation. Teacher will devote more time and energy to perform their guidance work, it may make them work over time in this aspect. Futhermore, Hui and Chan (1996) stated that teachers would have role conflict between guiding and teaching because there are different responsibility in guidance role and teacher role, and role ambiguity were other aspects of guidance work which constitute sources of stress for teachers. Role theory stated that every role would have a set of expected behavior, such as teacher would have expected behavior such as teaching .Role conflicts would induce in the situations which two incompatible behavior are expected to one individual .Work role ambiguity occurs when the persons lack of clear, consistent information which have rights, duties, responsibility of the job (Manlove, 1994). Lack of clarify to perform job tasks or criteria for performance evaluations would lead role ambiguity. Manlove (1994) study proved that there are positively association between work ambiguity and emotional exhaustion there are positive association between work ambiguity and depersonalization and there are negative association between work ambiguity and personal accomplishment. Based on these findings, I formulate three hypotheses on guidance work and three dimension of burnout. The sixth hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on guidance work and emotional exhaustion. The seventh hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on guidance work and depersonalization. The eighth hypothesis is there are negative association between stress on guidance work and personal accomplishment. School management and burnout Cheng and Ng (1994) indicated that the policy of school-based management is started in 1991. It is a new policy â€Å"school management initiative† issued by the education and Manpower Branch and Education Department; it is a reform of management in school in Hong Kong. This policy and reform focus on changing schools management style from external control management to school-based management. The purpose of reform is increase the quality of education and increase the effectiveness of management at school. In this new policy, every school’s administrative and management is decided by each school oneself. Every school would responsible for planning and structuring the school’s teaching system. School-based management can be viewed stressful if teacher cannot participate in school-base management. Byrne (1994) indicated that one of the sources of stressor is lack of decision making in school. Lack of decision making means they lack of involvements in their quality of work life. If teacher perceived that they have not enough in participate in decision making, it would increase their opportunities to suffer from role conflict and role ambiguity. Teacher autonomy is important for teachers as teacher working in work condition. When teacher contains higher autonomy, teacher would have higher satisfaction of their job. Autonomy in teaching professional means teacher can control themselves and their work in working environment. It include teacher have freedom to make prescriptive professional choice to decide appropriate service and activity to their students. Teacher would experience autonomy when they have freedom and opportunities to interfere or supervision on their teaching process, such as have autonomy to decide own teaching style. Moreover, autonomy also include it can give teacher freedom to participate in some collaborate decision-making which are relevant to the service of student and school policy. And autonomy can give teacher have right to formulate their own rule according to their own choosing. (Pearson Moomaw, 2005). Maslach, Schaufeli and Leiter (2001) indicated that a lack of autonomy is correlated with burnou t. Schwab, Jackson and Schuler (1986) indicated that there are correlation between autonomy and personal accomplishment. It using multiple regression, it find that autonomy of teacher have 12% variance to predict personal accomplishment. In contrast , lack of autonomy would lead to lower the personal accomplishment. Lack of participations gives employees a feeling of lack of control over critical aspects or demands of their work. Jackson, Schuler and Schuler (1986) found that lack of participation in decision making was linked to depersonalization. the reason behind is when individual perceived that they lack of participate in decision making, they would feel that they are in condition which is uncontrollable, so they feel helplessness and feel uncertainly of the operation in workplace. In order to cope with the situation, individuals will depersonalize their relationships with co-worker, clients or the organization. Miller, Ellis, Zook and Lyles (1990) mentioned that participation in decision can decrease the role stress. As there are negative association between participation in decision making and role stress. And there are positive association between role stress and emotional exhaustion. It can explained that people participate in decision making can reduce role stress, and when role stress reduce, it can reduce emotional exhaustion. So it can explained that participation in decision making may reduce emotional exhaustion. I would make hypothesis that there are negative correlation between participation in decision making and emotional exhaustion. Pearson and Moomaw (2005) indicated that several researcher have noted that lack of control or autonomy in one’s job contribute to burnout. Feeling of control and autonomy include employee can perceive they have opportunity on decision making on work schedule and develop the policies that directly affect their environment at work. Moreover, participation in decision making is significant correlate to burnout. There are mentioned that there are there are negatively association between participant decision making and emotional exhaustion with r=-0.33. this means that when people have high participation in decision making, they would have lower emotional exhaustion. Based in previous research, hence, we formulate three hypotheses which stress on school management and three dimension of burnout. The ninth hypothesis is there is positive association between stress on school management and emotional exhaustion. The tenth hypothesis is there is positive correlation between stress on school management and depersonalization. The eleventh hypothesis is there is negative correlation between stress on school management and personal accomplishment. Student’s behavior management and burnout Managing students’ behavior in classroom is one of the important responsibilities in teacher’s role, because teacher would perceive that they need to manage student’s behavior in classroom as they must be ensure that every students in classroom have equal opportunities to gain knowledge in classroom. But in some situation, there are some student do some misbehavior to distract the pace of teaching and affect the quality of teaching, such as many student talking at the same time, it would induce much noise which would affect other student acquire knowledge in classroom, so teacher have duty to prevent the situation which have influence normal teaching. Hastings and Bham (2003) indicated that several researchers found that teachers identify student misbehavior as a source of stress. It would make teachers feel stress as there are no clear patterns or consistent action to handle different type of student misbehavior. Many studies paid attention on the association between teacher burnout and student misbehavior. Bilbou-Nakou, Stogiannidou and Kiosseoglou (1999) also indicated that difficulty in managing disruptive children have been presented as one of the major cause of burnout. Friredman (2001) indicated that teachers perceive their students as the main source of burnout in their work because of different problems among different problems such as discipline problems in classroom, unsatisfactory achievement, and absenteeism. Teacher feel irksome to handle the student behavior which interfere with the teaching process. Student misbehavior includes disrespect behavior of student. It include students in class interrupt, derisive, quarrel each other, student’s in class all speak at the same time, which makes a lot of noises. In Kokkinos (2007) study, there are positive relationship between managing student behavior and emotional exhaustion, with r is 0.53. There are positive relationship between managing student behavior and depersonalization, the r is 0.33. There are negative correlation between manage student behavior and personal accomplishment, the r is –0.20. According to the results of previous studies, we formulate the three hypothesis between stress on student behavior management and three dimension of burnout. The twelve hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on student behavior management and emotional exhaustion. The thirteenth hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on student behavior management and depersonalization. The fourteenth hypothesis is there are negative association between stress on student behavior management and personal accomplishment. Workload and burnout Teacher experience high workload is a serious problem in Hong Kong. Professional teacher’s union of Hong Kong (2005) survey show that 35.6% teachers report that they have to work overtime for more than 21 hours per week and 14% of them have to work overtime even over 31 hours each week. It also mentioned that education reform is one of the sources to increase teachers’ workload as teachers have to do many things to keep pace on education reform. Education reform need teacher to do much extra time and effort to match with the pace of education reform. Chan and Hui (1995) have explored teacher burnout in a study of 415 secondary school in Hong Kong have indicated that one of the major sources of stress was having too heavy workload. There are many duties for teachers in Hong Kong, it includes teaching, administration and clerical work, extracurricular activities and discipline and guidance work. Lam., Yuon and Mak (1998) found that the two major difficulties of secondary school teachers feel the most difficulties in work were heavy workload and insufficient time. Santavirta ,Solovieva. And Theorell (2007) indicated that workload means people suffer from excessive demands under time pressure, and also mismatch between the demands of teacher and the teacher’s ability to cope with this demands. Greenglass, Burke and Fiksenbaum (2001) demonstrated that workload was positively associated with emotional exhaustion in hospital nurses. It indicate that when nurse workload has increased and too heavy, they were more likely to experience emotional exhaustion. Dr. Moises Salinas(2004) indicated that work overload in teacher include teachers experience excessive paper work, oversized classes filled with student of different academic abilities and the need for teachers to complete tasks beyond their knowledge base. In Janssen, Schaufel and Houkes (1999) use conservation of resources theory, emotional exhaustion was primary associated with job demand such as work overload. It indicated that emotional exhaustion is positively related to work overload, whereas depersonalization and reduce personal accomplishment are not. Hence, i hypothesized that the fifteenth hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on workload/time pressure and emotional exhaustion Work relationship and burnout Social support has been seen as useful resources to let individual cope with stress efficiency. In moderating hypothesis, when individual who have supportive social relationship; they are able to rely on others to help them to deal with some problems in stressful situations, so they would perceive less stress and less affected by stress. In contrast, people who lack of supportive social relationships are vulnerable to the effect of stress. (Russell., Altmaier Velzen, 1987) The quality of work relationship with others could be one of stress at work. The nature of the relationship with one’s boss, subordinates, and colleagues can be a major source of stress at work. A trusting and caring environment in the organizations and an effective support system is essential in combating burnout. Burnout can be reduced if individual have good work relationship with others and better support systems at work. When individual have good work relation and support from others, people advice and support can act as tension reduction, help people achieving distance from the situation and a sense of shared responsibility. The stress can release in this situation and hence those people have social support and work relationship would have less prone to burnout. (Pines Aronson, 1988) Codes and Dougherty (1993) indicated that the effect of social support on stress and burnout have received extensive attention in literature. Social support has been identified have a role to buffer job-related stress. Social support can make individual has perception that they can cope with the situations by increasing their perception that others will provide the necessary resources. Greater perceived social support from co-workers or supervisor is associated with lower reported levels of burnout Baker and O’Brien (2007) indicated that supervisor and coworker support are important sources of social support, relating to lower level of burnout in the workplace. Rebecca and Wendy (2007) indicated that supervisors and work colleagues are able to provide support in the form of relevant information and feedback, practical assistance and emotional support relevant to the stressful work situation, it can help individual can have more confidence in solving stress. Teachers with receive social support from supervisors reported less emotional exhaustion, more positive attitudes and greater personal accomplishment. Cordes and Dougherty (1993) indicated that social support may cause the individual to redefine the bad situation at work and enhance the individual’s perceived ability to cope with the demand induced by the stressful workplace. Maslach, Schaufeli and Leite (2001) indicated that social support is one source of job resources; they indicate that job resources can acts as buffer effect from the process of job demand and burnout. In this result, it indicated that lack of social support is linked to burnout. Hasida and Keren(2007) mentioned that social support at work were negatively related to exhaustion, depersonalization and positively related to personal accomplishment. Base on these findings, I formulated three hypotheses on stress on work relationship and burnout. The sixteenth hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on work relationship and emotional exhaustion. The seventeenth hypothesis is there are positive association between stress on work relationship and depersonalization. The eighteenth hypothesis is there are negative association between stress on work relationship and personal accomplishment. Method Participants The sample consists of 44 participants. In the aspect of gender, 20 were male and 24 were female. They were all full-time teaches in secondary school in Hong Kong. In the aspect of teaching experience, 14 participants have 5 years or less teaching experience, 5 participants have 6-10 years teaching experience, 25 participants have 11 years or more teaching experience. 21 participants are single and 20 are married. In the religion aspect, 14 participants have religion and 28particpants have no religion. Measures Teacher stress were assessed using the Teacher stress scale designed by Hui and Chan (1996) for Hong Kong teachers. There are 20 items which have five dimension of stress. It is stress on guidance work, school-based management, student behavior management, workload and work relationship. Teacher were requested to rate each item on 5-point scale ranging from 1to 5. 1 means â€Å"no stress†, 2 means â€Å" mild stress†, 3 means â€Å"moderate stress†, 4 means â€Å"much stress†, 5 means â€Å"extreme stress† Teacher burnout were assessed using Maslach burnout inventory. The three subscales of the MBI are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion includes 9 items. Depersonalization contains 5 items, and personal accomplishment include 8 items. The 22 items are rated on a 7 –point-likert-type scale on which the respondent indicates how often a feeling has been experienced ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (everyday). 0 means â€Å"never†, 1 means â€Å"a few times a day, 2 means â€Å"monthly†, 3 means â€Å"a few times a month†,4 means â€Å"every week† , 5 means â€Å"a few times a week† and 6 means†everyday† (Abel Sewell, 1999; Maslach Jackson, 1981) The scoring of MBI using .Lau, Yuen and Chan (2005) indicated that scores of the MBI subscales is using the normative distribution, high if they fall into the upper third portion of the normative distribution average if they fall into the middle third and low if they fall into the lower third. As this study sample size is quite small, it would not representative to analysize using normative distribution. So I would use scoring based on the study in Lau, Yuen and Chan (2005) study. As their study was conducted in Water: An Important Source Of Life Water: An Important Source Of Life Water is an important source of life on earth and about 71 percent of the surface of the earth is water. Almost 40 percent of the world population is directly at the mercy of fresh rivers water and about 2/3rd of these people live in developing countries. Water for all as a basic need can be defined as a public good and human right. This target dominates the entire world as a global water challenge. Water politics refers to the political strategy or diplomacy majorly affected by water availability and growing demand of water. When water is involved in the formulation of political policies for a particular country, and is used as a political weapon, it is known as water politics or hydro-politics (Nazakat, 2011). Hydro politics is the systematic study of conflict and cooperation between states over water resources that transcend international borders(Elhance, 1999). Water shortage has badly affected the agricultural sector of Pakistan which heavily depends on agro based economy. The agricultural lands of the Punjab and Sindh, mostly depend on canal water irrigation because in some areas underground water is salty. Present water crisis, if allowed to continue, would reduce the production of wheat, rice and sugarcane etc. Briefly water crisis in the country has spread deep concern. The shortage is threatening to create famine like condition across Pakistan (Ahmed, 2012). 1.2-Historical Background On partition of India, Ravi, Sutlej, and Bias were allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) and the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab to Pakistan. Unfortunately, the hydrological Region from where these six rivers originate lie in occupied Kashmir under the forcible occupation of India. As such, the control of these rivers is in the hands of India because of the unjust partition of India. India has started politics in water and uses water as a weapon to further terrorist objectives. India has therefore acquired the capability to control water of Pakistans rivers namely, Chenab River, Jhelum River and the Indus River that originate in the Indian occupied Kashmir-a disputed territory. Pakistan faces great danger at the hands of India as it has built 32 large dams on these rivers creating dead storage of more than 10 MAF and live storage of about 38 MAF in violation of the IWT that only allows 4.19 MAF of water to India. Besides this, India is building another 9 major dams on thes e rivers (Kabbes, 2007). India uses water as a weapon of mass destruction. In fact, it is terrorism using water as a weapon so that Pakistan is unable to produce food for its rapidly growing population. As a result, Pakistan will face famine, hunger, death and economic destruction. India has acquired the capability to use water as a weapon of mass destruction by causing famine and hunger. India has turned water terrorist an international crime. Water failures are prominent, both materially and politically, by international and subnational hydro politics. Within Pakistan there are many water issues like shortage of waterless crops cultivated which results in food crises and huge reserve be spent to overcome the problem and externally many issues rising like India stopped the supply of water to Pakistan from every canal flowing from India to Pakistan. The internal issues of Pakistan include the wrong planning of Kalabagh which created controversy on two counts, and there was status quo for 37 years as no dam w as allowed to be built. This resulted in flood and the crippling load shedding destroying economy (Kabbes, 2007). India cheated Pakistan on Indus Waters Treaty by depriving it of its perennial waters irrigating East Punjab of Pakistan. In replacement to the permanent water diverted by India, Pakistan, in return got storage water in Tarbela Dam Reservoir on the Indus, and Mangla Dam Reservoir on Jhelum River, both are Pakistans own rivers, allotted under the Treaty. Storage created on our rivers cannot be part of the deal. This means, Pakistan got nothing in return of the perennial water diverted by India irrigating East Punjab of Pakistan (Kabbes, 2007). 2.1-Hypothesis Government lacks the resources and political will for the construction of small and big dams. Indus Water Treaty discrepancies in the implementation of IWT are the main cause of water conflict in South Asia. 3.1-Research Questions What is hydro politics? What are the internal and external issues in water sector of Pakistan? What are the factors behind the delay of construction of dams and reservoirs of Pakistan? What is the Indus Water Treaty and its implications on hydro politics? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To gain an intellectual understanding of what hydro politics is about. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To identify internal and external issues related to hydro politics in Pakistan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To identify the reasons behind the delay of construction of dams 4.1-Rationale To analyze the factors behind the delay of construction of dams and the distribution of water within Pakistan 4.2-Statement Of The Problem Hydro politics is an important factor and life without water is impossible. Population rate is rising day by day and we dont have enough water nor do we have dams and reservoirs to store water so researcher has selected this issue to aware government who shall make such water policies which proved to be helpful in agricultural sector. 5.1-Research Methodology The method during the research will be descriptive and analytical. Researcher will conduct both qualitative and quantitative method for research study. Both primary and secondary source of information will be used for the collection of data which would comprise of books, journals, articles and newspapers. Interviews will also be conducted and statistical method will be applied for testing of hypothesis. 6.1-Literature Review Idris (2011) analyzes how the conflict of water distribution arose. Initially water distribution was through a system of canals without any control structures and withdrawal was governed by the level of water in the inundation canals which remained unpredictable. As demand of water usage of one actor grew, it consequently lead to conflict with the other actors. Steps in this regard were taken in the 19th century to control the unpredictable water supply and provide assured water supply in the inundation canals by constructing head works across rivers. The first head works was commissioned in 1859 by which supply on the Upper Bari Doab became assured followed by several other head works across tributary rivers in Punjab during 1882 to 1901 and two major irrigation projects by 1935 viz Sukkur Barrage on the Indus and the Sutlej Valley project. This article would help researcher to analyze how erratic water supply lead to inter-provincial as well as external water issues in Pakistan. Mustafa (2010) explains that the official argument depicts the picture of a scarce water resource, which is being wasted by being allowed to flow out to sea , and outlines a doomsday scenario should additional storage not be built on the Indus River.However, water scarcity especially in the aftermath of the drought in southern Pakistan in the latter half of the 1990s, coupled with the single-minded focus of the Pakistani water bureaucracy on water development, has made the issue of the construction of Dams and reservoirs a substitute for a repeated series of inter-provincial grievances. The controversy is beginning to split public opinion in Pakistan, particularly in Sindh province, where more than 80 percent of the groundwater is saline, making the provinces farmers exceptionally dependent on surface-water supplies, which itself may be compromised by the construction of upstream dams and reservoirs. The dam project at the moment is in cold storage, particularly on account of the com bined opposition of not just Sindh but also of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan. Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa is concerned about the potential flooding of rich farmland and Pashtun cultural heartland by the lake that will be created behind the dam. The province is also unwilling to lend its support to the project because of doubts based on the poor record of the Pakistani government in providing for the recovery of those affected by earlier large-dam projects. This article would help the researcher in evaluating that the methodology behind the construction of dams and reservoirs was consequent to bring about delays because it did not include all stakeholders and unsettled negotiating process. Akhtar (n.d.) explains that that the Indus Water Treaty was devised to find a solution that was not driven by legal principles, but instead by principles of water engineering and economics. IWT was signed as a permanent solution to the water sharing problem between the two countries when water was in abundance in the Indus system. This Treaty governs trans boundary water rights and obligations of India and Pakistan in relation to each other by assigning full use of waters of the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab rivers to Pakistan, with minor exceptions, for existing uses in Kashmir giving Pakistan 75 per cent of the waters of the Indus Basin system and allowed India, under carefully specified conditions, to tap the considerable hydropower potential of the three Western rivers, before they entered Pakistan. The heightened climate changes underway, growing water scarcity and insecurity in the basin has resulted in politicization of the water issue between the two countries coinciding with Indi as ambition to construct a large number of hydropower plants, especially on the Chenab and Jhelum rivers. This article will help the researcher to access the Indus Water Treaty and the implications of hydro politics on it. Pakistans Waters at Risk (2007) in this report it has been discussed rapid population growth, urbanization and unmanageable water consumption practices to have placed an huge stress on the quality as well as the quantity of water resources in the country which have led to hydro politics in the region. With regard to growing tensions, there is an urgent need to develop policies and approaches for bringing water withdrawals into balance with recharge. Though relevant policies like National Environment Policy, National Water Policy (Draft), National Drinking Water Policy (Draft), National Environment Policy; regulatory framework like the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 and laws like the Canal and Drainage Act (1873) and the Punjab Minor Canals Act (1905), which prohibit the corrupting or fouling of canal water; Sindh Fisheries Ordinance (1980), which prohibits the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial waste into water, and The Greater Lahore Water Supply Sewerage and D rainage Ordinance (1967) etc. are in place, there is no clear strategy devised so far to implement them. This report helped in guiding the researcher to know how hydro politics plays a crucial role in shaping national/international water policies. Turton and Henwood (2002) explain the concept and limitation of hydro politics in developing countries. They assert in the book that hydro politics is emerging as a specific discipline, largely as a result of the increased awareness of water scarcity and erratic supply due to rapid population growth, urbanization and unsustainable water consumption practices. For these reasons, a greater focus on the development of conceptual clarity has become essential. The realization of the fact that life is impossible without water is the fundamental driving force behind hydro politics. As more and more people compete for and rely on the declining water resources, it has become a challenge for the environment and therefore a political issue. This book would help researcher to analyze the concept of hydro politics and the factors inflicting its importance. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Chapter-1 : Introduction Historical Background Chapter-2: Hypothesis Chapter-3: Research Questions Chapter-4 Rationale Statement of the problem Chapter-5: Research methodology Chapter-7: -Literature review Chapter-8: -Conclusion.